{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:35:31Z","timestamp":1787758531698,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n City bus drivers are more prone to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) due to the nature of their work, yet city bus drivers are the least studied population. The present study aims to assess WRMSDs in city bus drivers and to determine some factors related to them.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n The present cross-sectional study was conducted among bus drivers belonging to three bus depots of the city bus service. A simple random sampling was done to select the estimated sample size of 383 bus drivers. Data were collected by interview method using a self-designed questionnaire. The musculoskeletal disorders were assessed using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done using Stata 17.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n More than half of the bus drivers (202 (52.74%)) had WRMSDs, with 157 (40.99%) bus drivers having lower back discomfort. On univariate analysis, it was found that duration of driving \u226520 years (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007); driving distance \u2265 150 km (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001); waist-hip ratio \u2265 0.9 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004); and self-perceived workstation factors such as seat adjustability (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04), seat comfortableness (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01), and body contour of the seat (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02); and congestion on the bus route (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05) were significantly related to musculoskeletal disorders. However, on multivariate logistic regression, driving distance \u2265150 km per day, seat uncomfortableness, and lack of body contour of the seat were found to be statistically significant independent factors related to WRMSDs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n As the daily driving distance, seat uncomfortableness, and lack of body contour of the seat were statistically significantly related to WRMSDs, it is recommended that all the buses be retrofitted with proper ergonomically designed driver\u2019s seats, and the daily average driving distance should be reduced.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_72_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1744891209000},"page":"S213-S218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Some Related Risk Factors among City Bus Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Central India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday","family":"Narlawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 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