{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:32:39Z","timestamp":1787841159598,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child labor is considered one of the main social problems that affect the community and has a physical and psychosocial impact on a child\u2019s health, growth, and development. The study aimed to describe the sociocultural discourses of children involved in child labor. A macroethnographic approach was used to collect the data from the selected community areas of Punjab, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A community-based qualitative study using purposive sampling was carried out among children engaged in child labor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8). The data were gathered through in-depth or semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation under four phases: community context assessment, egocentric network analysis, validation, and dissemination of study findings. The guide for consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) was followed. Ongoing analysis was conducted using Spradley\u2019s analysis approach to identify the themes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thematic analysis resulted in the emergence of various themes related to child labor, namely, adaptability, money-centric attitude, sense of being underserved, social deprivation, work burden, reduced emotional expression, workaholism, abuse, family shoulder, family cohesion, and sense of industry. Apart from that, inhuman living and working conditions, as well as school deprivation among study subjects, were observed. Poverty emerged as the single most compelling factor for child labor in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study concluded that child labor had a negative impact on children\u2019s overall development. An effective intervention to stop child labor is if vulnerable children are identified through primary healthcare, and a relationship of trust is built that allows for the provision of health care, education, support, and referral to additional services outside the health sector.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_982_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T04:01:27Z","timestamp":1709870487000},"page":"392-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Socio-Cultural Discourses of Children Engaged in Child Labor in India: A Macro-Ethnographic Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Pareek","family":"Bharat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Nursing, SPHE College of Nursing, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Dhimaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Nursing, SPHE College of Nursing, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha A.","family":"Raddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lekha","family":"Bist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Galgotias University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamaljit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Nursing, SPHE College of Nursing, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University Institute of Nursing, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daljit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Nursing, SPHE College of Nursing, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260330","first-page":"33","article-title":"Physical and psychological hazards faced by child labour \u2013A review article","volume":"29","author":"Bharti","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOSR-JHSS"},{"key":"R2-20260330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdy018","article-title":"Child labor and health: A systematic literature review of the impacts of child labor on child's health in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"41","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"R10-20260330","first-page":"67","article-title":"Child labour and delinquent subculture in hotels and shops in Tamilnadu, India: A longitudinal study","volume":"2","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Res J Police Sci"},{"key":"R12-20260330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.066829","article-title":"The health impact of child labor in developing countries: Evidence from cross-country data","volume":"97","author":"Roggero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R13-20260330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2006.00585.x","article-title":"Perceptions of child labour among working children in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"32","author":"Omokhodion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"R15-20260330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2017.1375091","article-title":"Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. 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