{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:33:39Z","timestamp":1787772819301,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Several biologic agents have been approved for use in dermatology and other disciplines of medicine. However, based on the mechanism of action and a track record of the response, these agents are being increasingly used for off-label purposes to garner control of more remote and difficult disease processes. Herein, we present three difficult to treat patients where innovative uses of biologics beyond their approved indications have yielded good responses. Our first patient was a case of bullous pemphigoid, who showed excellent response to omalizumab. The second case was a patient of lepromatous leprosy with tenosynovitis and erythema nodosum leprosum, who was treated effectively with infliximab. Our third case was a treatment-resistant pyoderma gangrenosum, where infliximab showed a very good response. In the present study, we report the cases to highlight the usefulness of biologics that can expand much beyond the routine FDA approved indications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_128_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:20:44Z","timestamp":1716985244000},"page":"314-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biologics Beyond Boundaries"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"De","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnali","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Khemka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Sarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudip","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.021","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pemphigus: Recommendations by an international panel of experts","volume":"82","author":"Murrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_342_16","article-title":"Omalizumab for management of refractory urticaria: Experience of a tertiary care centre in Eastern India","volume":"63","author":"Neema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-14-20240829","first-page":"213","article-title":"Isolated tenosynovitis as a sole manifestation: The great mimicker still continues to surprise us","volume":"60","author":"De","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.120731","article-title":"Use of fine needle aspirate from peripheral nerves of pure-neural leprosy for cytology and PCR to confirm the diagnosis: A pilot study","volume":"79","author":"Reja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R6-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_115_17","article-title":"Use of fine needle aspirate from peripheral nerves of pure-neural leprosy for cytology and polymerase chain reaction to confirm the diagnosis: A follow-up study of 4 years","volume":"62","author":"De","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215372","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria","volume":"368","author":"Maurer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2018.3366","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E and bullous pemphigoid","volume":"28","author":"Cozzani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.169","article-title":"TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"12","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"R10-14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.074815","article-title":"Infliximab for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Brooklyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.IJD_128_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:13:33Z","timestamp":1787771613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.IJD_128_20"}},"subtitle":["Innovative Use of Biologics in Dermatology"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_128_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}