{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:35:00Z","timestamp":1787841300727,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the finger or toenails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and can involve any component of the nail unit. OM, apart from being asymptomatic, is a chronic disease and warrants long-term treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to study the clinicoepidemiological features of OM and to evaluate the mycological and histopathological features among patients attending the dermatology outpatient department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed in 500 patients with symptoms related to the nails and nail folds. OM was confirmed in 284 patients by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, fungal culture, or biopsy. Descriptive analysis of the data was undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 284 confirmed cases of OM of which 117 (41.1%) were positive for fungal elements by KOH mount, 168 (59.1%) samples showed positivity in fungal culture, and 62 (21.8%) samples had positive nail biopsy results. Distolateral subungual OM was the most common clinical type (47.6%). Among the fungal isolates, a predominance of dermatophytes was observed followed by yeasts and NDMs. The most common dermatophytic fungal isolate in the culture was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (45%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study implies the importance of laboratory diagnosis of OM as it can mimic diverse nail disorders. As the role of NDMs and yeasts is on the rise for etiology of OM, investigations such as KOH examination, culture, or nail biopsy becomes essential for correct diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_160_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T04:14:30Z","timestamp":1562300070000},"page":"272-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinicomycological and Histopathological Profile of Onychomycosis: A Cross-sectional Study from South India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Chetana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshni","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brinda G","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MR","family":"Ramya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2002.t01-1-00570.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis of toenails: Orthopaedic and podiatric considerations","volume":"43","author":"Murray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20250921","first-page":"209","article-title":"Clinical and mycological study of superficial fungal infections at government general hospital, Guntur and their response to treatment with hamycin, dermostatin and dermamycin","volume":"36","author":"Sobbanadri","year":"1970","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R3-20250921","first-page":"280","article-title":"Dermatophytoses in a desert district of Western Rajasthan","volume":"61","author":"Karmakar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R4-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70323-5","article-title":"Nail infections","volume":"14","author":"Midgley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"R5-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90061-4","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A significant medical disorder","volume":"35","author":"Richard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20250921","first-page":"326","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A significant medical problem","volume":"68","author":"Madhuri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20250921","first-page":"215","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Eastern Nepal","volume":"8","author":"Agarwalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"R8-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)01924-1","article-title":"Onychomycosis \u2013 Epidemiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"26","author":"Kaur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R9-20250921","first-page":"326","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A significant medical problem","volume":"68","author":"Jesudanam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R10-20250921","first-page":"238","article-title":"A clinico \u2013 Mycological evaluation of onychomycosis","volume":"66","author":"Vinod","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R11-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02235-0","article-title":"Study of onychomycosis: Prevailing fungi and pattern of infection","volume":"25","author":"Veer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MYCO.0000041866.85314.e4","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Cali, Colombia","volume":"158","author":"Alvarez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"R13-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006874303991","article-title":"Study of onychomycosis in C\u00f3rdoba, Spain: Prevailing fungi and pattern of infection","volume":"137","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"R14-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97102","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03247.x","article-title":"A double blind, randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of terbinafine with fluconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis","volume":"142","author":"Havu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R15-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7190.1031","article-title":"Double blind, randomised study of continuous terbinafine compared with intermittent itraconazole in treatment of toenail onychomycosis. The LION study group","volume":"318","author":"Evans","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R16-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.3.353","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of treatment with terbinafine vs. itraconazole in onychomycosis: A 5-year blinded prospective follow-up study","volume":"138","author":"Sigurgeirsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R17-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.05.004","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of onychomycosis in private dermatological practice in France","volume":"135","author":"Guibal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R18-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.00968.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Denmark: Prevalence of fungal nail infection in general practice","volume":"47","author":"Svejgaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R19-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03674.x","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinicomycologic profile of onychomycosis from North India","volume":"47","author":"Sarma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-20250921","first-page":"92","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A clinico-epidemiological study","volume":"11","author":"Neupane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll J"},{"key":"R21-20250921","first-page":"11","article-title":"Etiological agents of onychomycosis from a tertiary care hospital in central Delhi, India","volume":"1","author":"Sanjiv","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Fundam Appl Life Sci"},{"key":"R22-20250921","first-page":"4","article-title":"A clinico-mycological study of onychomycosis","volume":"6","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Egypt Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R23-20250921","first-page":"E20","article-title":"Incidence and epidemiology of onychomycosis in patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"95","author":"Adekhandi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"R24-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-7250.179411","article-title":"Clinico-mycological study of onychomycosis in children from a tertiary care center","volume":"17","author":"Jeelani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Paediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02125.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in central India: A clinicoetiologic correlation","volume":"43","author":"Garg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R26-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0502a05","article-title":"Dermoscopic patterns in patients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis-results of a prospective study including data of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and culture examination","volume":"5","author":"Jes\u00fas-Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"key":"R27-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00768.x","article-title":"Onychomycosis in Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"38","author":"Bokhari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00076423-201964040-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:49:06Z","timestamp":1787838546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00076423-201964040-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_160_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154","1998-3611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}