{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:33:57Z","timestamp":1789475637172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.264758","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of dermatophytosis is increasing over the last few years and there are many cases which are recurrent and chronic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to study the host and pathogen factors in dermatophytosis, to identify the species responsible, and to study the histopathological features of chronic dermatophytosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Dermatology for a period of 1 year and all patients who were clinically diagnosed as dermatophytosis were included. Isolated hair, and nail involvement were excluded from the study. Epidemiological parameters and treatment history were analyzed, scrapings, and fungal culture were done in all patients. Histopathological examination was done in patients with chronic dermatophytosis who had applied topical steroids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic dermatophytosis was seen in 68%; tinea corporis was the most common presentation; topical steroid application was seen in 63%; azoles were the most common antifungals used; varied morphologies such as follicular and nonfollicular papules, arciform lesions, pseudoimbricata were seen in steroid modified tinea.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the most common species isolated in culture, but rare species such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Epidermophyton floccosum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Microsporum audouinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      were also isolated from chronic cases. Histopathology showed perifolliculitis in steroid modified tinea. Minimal inhibitory concentration was lowest for itraconazole in susceptibility studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronicity in dermatophytosis is due to various factors such as topical steroid application, noncompliance, and change in predominant species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_177_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T04:14:30Z","timestamp":1562300070000},"page":"266-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Profile of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Center in Kerala, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Vineetha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sheeja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M I","family":"Celine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Sadeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Palackal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P E","family":"Shanimole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Saranya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-1","first-page":"324","volume-title":"A cross-sectional, clinico-mycological research study of prevalence, aetiology, speciation and sensitivity of superficial fungal infection in Indian patients","author":"Narasimhalu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dermatol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-2","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Clinico-mycological profile of superficial mycosis in a hospital in North-East India","author":"Grover","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-3","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Clinico-mycological study of dermatophytosis in Calicut","author":"Bindu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-6323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-4","first-page":"281","volume-title":"The menace of dermatophytosis in India: The evidence that we need","author":"Panda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-6323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-5","first-page":"2399","volume-title":"Prevalence of dermatophytosis in patients in a tertiary care centre","author":"Sudha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-6","first-page":"551","volume-title":"A clinico-mycological study of chronic dermatophytosis of more than years 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Leprol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-6323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-10","first-page":"801","volume-title":"Chronic widespread dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum: A syndrome associated with a Trichophyton-specific functional defect of phagocytes","author":"de","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-11","first-page":"382","volume-title":"Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-12","first-page":"391","volume-title":"Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints","author":"Turnidge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-13","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in Jaipur, Rajasthan","author":"Jain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-6323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-14","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Change in spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from superficial mycoses cases:First report from central India","author":"Sahai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-6323","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-15","first-page":"73","volume-title":"The menace of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis in India: Is the problem deeper than we perceive?","author":"Dogra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2229-5178","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-16","first-page":"262","volume-title":"A clinical and mycological study of dermatophytic 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Fungal diseases. In: Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, Murphy GF, editors. Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004. p. 603."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-19","first-page":"381","volume-title":"The effect of dermatophytes on cytokine production by human keratinocytes","author":"Tani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-20","unstructured":"Ackerman AB, editor. When you see-think. In: Histologic Diagnosis of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger; 1978. p. 830."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-21","first-page":"347","volume-title":"The \u201csandwich sign\u201d of dermatophytosis","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-22","first-page":"45","volume-title":"The role of histopathology in the diagnosis of dermatophytoses","author":"Gocev","year":"2010","journal-title":"Serbian J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-23","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Antifungal drugs and resistance: Current concepts","author":"Nigam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-24","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Clinical Trichophyton rubrum strain exhibiting primary resistance to terbinafine","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-25","first-page":"675","volume-title":"In vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophyte strains causing tinea unguium","author":"Sarifakioglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.244812-26","first-page":"581","volume-title":"Onychomycosis: Clinical, mycological and in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates of Trichophyton rubrum","author":"Azambuja","year":"2014","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00076423-201964040-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:49:10Z","timestamp":1787838550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00076423-201964040-00003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_177_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154","1998-3611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}