{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:26:04Z","timestamp":1787772364920,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Granulomatous rosacea is a distinct variant of rosacea because of its unique histopatholiogic findings. However, the pathogenesis of granulomatous rosacea has not yet been clearly demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 11 patients with granulomatous rosacea, and 11 control patients. Biopsy tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In granulomatous rosacea, the expression of mast cells increased significantly, compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). Additionally, the expression of toll-like receptor 2 in the granulomatous rosacea group was higher than that in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value = 0.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of mast cells may be a sign of chronic, later stage of granulomatous rosacea compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The increased expression of toll-like receptor 2 suggests that cathelicidin-induced neuroimmune pathogenesis also contributes to the pathophysiology of granulomatous rosacea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_18_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:21:06Z","timestamp":1716985266000},"page":"343-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunohistochemical Analysis of Differences of Toll-Like Receptor 2, Mast Cells, and Neurofilaments between Granulomatous Rosacea and Non-Granulomatous Rosacea"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Ye Ji","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Hye","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.03.030","article-title":"Rosacea: I.Etiology, pathogenesis, and subtype classification","volume":"51","author":"Crawford","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625","article-title":"Standard classification of rosacea, Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the classification and staging of rosacea","volume":"46","author":"Wilkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70304-K","article-title":"A clinical and histopathologic study of granulomatous rosacea","volume":"25","author":"Helm","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03825.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea","volume":"25","author":"YH","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R5-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.11.1479","article-title":"Modern aspects of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation","volume":"139","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.03.003","article-title":"Mast cells-key effector cells in immune responses","volume":"28","author":"Metz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"R7-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0816-z","article-title":"A study of the pathogenesis of rosacea: How angiogenesis and mast cells may participate in a complex multifactorial process","volume":"300","author":"Aroni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dermatl Res"},{"key":"R8-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00684","article-title":"The mast cell stabilizer ketotifen fumarate lessens contracture severity and myofibroblast hyperplasia: A study of a rabbit model of posttraumatic joint contractures","volume":"92","author":"Monument","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R9-3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.04.007","article-title":"The molecular pathology of rosacea","volume":"55","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.IJD_18_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:41:08Z","timestamp":1787769668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.IJD_18_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_18_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}