{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:19:45Z","timestamp":1791238785945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The advent of large language models (LLMs) has endowed artificial intelligence with remarkable capabilities to comprehend and generate human-like text by leveraging extensive datasets. Numerous studies in medicine increasingly focus on LLMs, particularly highlighting their substantial potential in diagnostic and therapeutic management. Scabies is a contagious skin disease that continues to affect over 200 million people globally each year and is particularly prevalent in developing countries. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in scabies cases both in Turkey and worldwide, elevating scabies to the status of a public health concern. Therefore, the Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Scabies (CPGDT) was published in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the performance of LLMs on scabies-related questions created from CPGDT and compares it to a dermatologist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-four multiple-choice questions in English were administered to nine LLMs, including Claude 3 Opus, ChatGPT (versions 3.5, 4, and 4o), Google Gemini (1.0 and 1.5 Pro), Microsoft Copilot, Meta LLaMA 3 70B, and Perplexity, as well as to a senior dermatologist with 22 years of experience in dermatology. Responses were scored as correct or incorrect. Statistical analyses, including the McNemar test, were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Claude 3 Opus achieved the highest accuracy (89%), significantly outperforming other LLMs and dermatologists (75%) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). ChatGPT 4o (79.6%) and ChatGPT 4 (78.1%) followed, with no significant differences observed among other LLMs or between LLMs and dermatologists (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study evaluating LLMs\u2019 performance on scabies-related knowledge. Claude 3 Opus\u2019 superior performance highlights its potential in dermatology, surpassing widely recognized LLMs like ChatGPT. Claude 3 Opus demonstrated exceptional accuracy in scabies-related queries, underscoring its value as adjunctive tool in dermatology. Enhancing LLMs\u2019 visual diagnostic capabilities is vital for their integration into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_18_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:01:02Z","timestamp":1774591262000},"page":"284-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Comparative Study: Can Large Language Models be a Supportive Tool in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Scabies?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"\u0130stem \u015e.","family":"\u00c7amur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"\u00c7amur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ministry of Health Ankara 29 Mayis State Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duru T.","family":"Onan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02448-8","article-title":"Large language models in medicine","volume":"29","author":"Thirunavukarasu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"R2-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4274\/dir.2023.232417","article-title":"Large language models in radiology: Fundamentals, applications, ethical considerations, risks, and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Akinci D'Antonoli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagn Interv 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scabies: An \u0131nfestation more than skin deep","volume":"235","author":"Chandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R8-20260706","first-page":"499","article-title":"Status of scabies cases in COVID-19 pandemic days","volume":"16","author":"Porsuk","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"R9-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17327","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies","volume":"63","author":"Uzun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad230","article-title":"Leveraging large language models in dermatology","volume":"189","author":"Matin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.03.028","article-title":"Dermatologists' perspectives and usage of large language models in practice- an exploratory survey","volume":"144","author":"Gui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology11010009","article-title":"Skin and syntax: Large language models in dermatopathology","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatopathology"},{"key":"R13-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llad255","article-title":"ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 dermatological knowledge level based on the specialty certificate examination in dermatology","volume":"49","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R14-20260706","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59273","DOI":"10.2196\/59273","article-title":"Claude 3 opus and ChatGPT with GPT-4 in dermoscopic \u0131mage analysis for melanoma diagnosis: comparative performance 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