{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1791972779653,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_295_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T01:35:27Z","timestamp":1578879327000},"page":"5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The role of sunscreen in melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"IltefatH","family":"Hamzavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakeena","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Braunberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TasneemF","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indermeet","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Dyschromia in skin of color","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.02.005","article-title":"Practice and educational gaps in abnormal pigmentation","author":"Mohammad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-3","first-page":"401","article-title":"Hyperpigmentation: An overview of the common afflictions","author":"Cayce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Nurs"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-4","first-page":"387","article-title":"Common dermatologic disorders in skin of color: A comparative practice survey","author":"Alexis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-5","first-page":"693","article-title":"Solar ultraviolet radiation in South Africa: Clinical consequences for the skin","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-6","first-page":"209","article-title":"Sunscreen use and environmental awareness among beach-goers in Cape Town, South Africa","author":"von","year":"1991","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-72032012000500007","article-title":"Photoprotection, melasma and quality of life in pregnant women","author":"Purim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-8","first-page":"71","article-title":"A cross-sectional, multicentric clinico-epidemiological study of melasma in India","author":"Krupa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.018","article-title":"Sun-protective behaviors in patients with cutaneous hyperpigmentation: A cross-sectional study","author":"Maymone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12290","article-title":"Melasma: Clinical diagnosis and management options","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046","article-title":"Melasma: A comprehensive update: Part I","author":"Sheth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-12","first-page":"665","article-title":"Safety of skin care products during pregnancy","author":"Bozzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02185.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the prevention of chloasma in pregnant women","author":"Lakhdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4294","article-title":"A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral polypodium leucotomos extract as an adjunct to sunscreen in the treatment of melasma","author":"Ahmed","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12086","article-title":"Near-visible light and UV photoprotection in the treatment of melasma: A double-blind randomized trial","author":"Castanedo-Cazares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2003.02017.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of melasma","author":"Guevara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12332","article-title":"The use of sunscreen starting on the first day after ablative fractional skin resurfacing","author":"Wanitphakdeedecha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-18","first-page":"AB215","article-title":"Evaluation and effectiveness of a photoprotection composition (sunscreen) on subjects of skin of color","author":"Halder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318219c171","article-title":"The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine","author":"Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.95","article-title":"Impact of long-wavelength UVA and visible light on melanocompetent skin","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15940","article-title":"Synergistic effects of long-wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light on pigmentation and erythema","author":"Kohli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12273","article-title":"Differences in visible light-induced pigmentation according to wavelengths: A clinical and histological study in comparison with UVB exposure","author":"Duteil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680030071009","article-title":"Efficiency of opaque photoprotective agents in the visible light range","author":"Kaye","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12112","article-title":"Global state of sunscreens","author":"Osterwalder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12109","article-title":"Discrimination between cutaneous pigmentation and erythema: Comparison of the skin colorimeters dermacatch and mexameter","author":"Baqui\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2165\/11536930-000000000-00000","article-title":"Surin-Lord S, Davis EC, Maclin M.Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: Etiologic and therapeutic considerations","author":"Callender","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2004.00111.x","article-title":"Prevention of ultraviolet-induced skin pigmentation","author":"Moyal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-28","first-page":"20","article-title":"Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.187","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994","author":"Nesby-O'Dell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12050","article-title":"A focused review on acne-induced and aesthetic procedure-related postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in Asians","author":"Eimpunth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-31","first-page":"143","article-title":"Quality of life in patients of melasma","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) \u2013 A simple practical measure for routine clinical use","author":"Finlay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5154.275762-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2008.00384.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pigmentary disorders and their impact on quality of life: A prospective cohort study","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:37:08Z","timestamp":1786732628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.IJD_295_18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["275762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_295_18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}