{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:34:08Z","timestamp":1787772848420,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerve and muscle of upper respiratory tract. Consequence to the neighbouring primary site, oral lesions have been seen in 20-60% of patients with leprosy mainly lepromatous leprosy. The lepromatous nodules may be infective and may lead to the spread of disease and hence require proper diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess oral lesion in leprosy patients. To assess the disease and the occurrence of oral lesion according to age and gender. To detect any primary lesion in oral cavity and compare these lesions in duration to study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred patients with leprosy were examined and their oral manifestations were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was found that 70 (70%) leprosy patients showed oral manifestations. Eighteen (25%) had chronic generalized periodontitis, 9 (12.8%) cases of oral melanosis, 7 (10%) atrophy of papillae and loss of taste sensation each, 6 (8.5%) complained of aphthous and candidiasis each, 5 (7.14%) depigmentation and 4 (5.71%) smokers palate, oral submucous fibrosis and fissured tongue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our clinical findings are in conjugation with previous studies; however, as per the review of literature, this is the first study worldwide where we have examined 100 cases of leprosy which has not been documented till date. We suggest that the lesser incidence of oral lesions is observed recently compared to older reports because of more effective present treatment which is initiated earlier.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_322_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1716984914000},"page":"631-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oral and Systemic Manifestations in Leprosy a Hospital Based Study with Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Puneeta","family":"Vohra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01308.x","article-title":"Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy: A compendium","volume":"45","author":"Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R2-1-20240829","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Leprosy of hard palate and premaxillary gingiva: A case report","volume":"5","author":"Sanjay","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R4-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.10.002","article-title":"The oral mucosa in paucibacillary leprosy: A clinical and histopathological study","volume":"103","author":"De Abreu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R5-1-20240829","first-page":"4","article-title":"Oral lesions in lepromatous leprosy","volume":"42","author":"Bucci","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Oral Med"},{"key":"R6-1-20240829","first-page":"25","article-title":"A clinical study of the mouth in untreated lepromatous patients","volume":"50","author":"Girdhar","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"R7-1-20240829","first-page":"381","article-title":"Oral lesions in leprosy","volume":"69","author":"Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R8-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(62)90153-6","article-title":"Leprosy of the oral cavity and the adnexa","volume":"15","author":"Lighterman","year":"1962","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R9-1-20240829","first-page":"462","article-title":"Intra-oral temperatures in man with a special reference to the involvement of the central incisors and the premaxillary alveolar process in lepromatous leprosy","volume":"44","author":"Rendall","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"R10-1-20240829","first-page":"E479","article-title":"Leprosy-specific oral lesions: A report of three cases","volume":"13","author":"Motta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R11-1-20240829","first-page":"316","article-title":"Oral lesions in lepromatous leprosy. 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