{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1787765098822,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>New pathways of host defence have emerged in leprosy, such as T helper (Th) -17, Th-9, T regulatory cells, and other factors like transforming growth factor-beta, etc. Interleukin (IL) 17 produced by Th17 cells has been found to be elevated in lepra reaction, especially type 2 lepra reaction (T2R). Role of IL-9 has not been studied widely in leprosy reactions so far. The study aimed to compare serum levels of IL-17 and IL-9 in leprosy patients with and without lepra reaction. This was a cross-sectional analytical study including untreated adult leprosy patients with and without lepra reaction. A total of 65 patients were included in the study with 30 leprosy patients without reaction and 35 with lepra reaction. Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-9 were measured in these patients using direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared. Borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy with type 1 and Lepromatous (LL) leprosy with T2R patients showed significantly higher levels of IL-17 than BT and LL leprosy patients without lepra reaction, respectively. LL patients with T2R showed significantly lower levels of IL-9 than lepromatous cases without reaction. IL-9 levels were higher in BT patients with T1R as compared to BT patients without reaction but the difference was not significant. We found evidence in support of role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of T2R, which might serve as useful serum markers for the same. IL-17 might have a role in BT leprosy with T1R. IL-9 seems to have a protective role in T2R as opposed to IL-17, working in synergism with Th1 cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_357_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T05:09:38Z","timestamp":1704776978000},"page":"661-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Serum Levels of Interleukin 17 and Interleukin 9 in Leprosy Patients with and without Lepra Reaction: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study from Central India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ritul","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namrata","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suprava","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01635","article-title":"Leprosy as a complex infection: Breakdown of the Th1 and Th2 immune paradigm in the immunopathogenesis of the disease","volume":"8","author":"De Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R2-20240829","first-page":"255","article-title":"Classification of leprosy according to immunity. 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