{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:20:12Z","timestamp":1787772012735,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and can involve multiple parts of skin and mucosa, of which periungual and subungual warts are the most difficult to treat. Periungual or subungual wart is verruca vulgaris growing around or under the fingernail, destroying and deforming the nail and nail bed. Currently, liquid nitrogen cryotherapy and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    laser are often used for the treatment. Clinically, few doctors routinely use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to treat viral warts. We used PDT combined with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy and curettage to successfully treat a case of intractable periungual and subungual warts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_524_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1709103829000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy and Curettage for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Periungual and Subungual Warts: Clinical Experience and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kuixia","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12599","article-title":"Periungual and subungual warts successfully treated with combination of electric shaving, curettage, and photodynamic therapy","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23212","article-title":"A comparative study:Superficial shaving combined with photodynamic therapy versus cryotherapy in the treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08678.x","article-title":"Cryotherapy of common viral warts at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 weeks","volume":"132","author":"Bourke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900130120","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser treatment of recalcitrant verrucae:A preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1994.tb01731.x","article-title":"Topical treatment of resistant warts with glutaraldehyde","volume":"21","author":"Hirose","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R6-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb05167.x","article-title":"An assessment of methods of treating viral warts by comparative treatment trials based on a standard design","volume":"94","author":"Bunney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1994.tb01620.x","article-title":"Treatment of common warts using the infrared coagulator","volume":"20","author":"Halasz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R8-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00155.x","article-title":"The treatment of palmar and plantar warts using natural alpha interferon and a needleless injector","volume":"21","author":"Brodell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R9-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70133-E","article-title":"Histologic, pharmacologic, and immunocytochemical effects of injection of bleomycin into viral warts","volume":"28","author":"James","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R10-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1991.tb03148.x","article-title":"Dinitrochlorobenzene treatment of verrucae plana","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.012","article-title":"5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy reduces HPV viral load via autophagy and apoptosis by modulating Ras\/Raf\/MEK\/ERK and PI3K\/AKT pathways in HeLa cells","volume":"194","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"R12-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(90)85083-9","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX:Basic principles and present clinical experience","volume":"6","author":"Kennedy","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"R13-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.244","article-title":"A mechanistic study of cellular photodestruction with 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced porphyrin","volume":"70","author":"Iinuma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R14-20240829","first-page":"891","article-title":"Phototoxic damage to sebaceous glands and hair follicles of mice after systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid correlates with localized protoporphyrin IX fluorescence","volume":"136","author":"Divaris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R15-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23259","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161023259","article-title":"Topical PDT in the treatment of benign skin diseases:Principles and new applications","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.03.001","article-title":"What is the most relevent factor causing pain during ALA-PDT?A multi-center, open clinical pain score research trial of actinic keratosis, acne and condylomata acuminata","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R17-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.07.002","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy and pain:A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Ang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R18-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers3022516","article-title":"Cell death pathways in photodynamic therapy of cancer","volume":"3","author":"Mroz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R19-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06209.x","article-title":"Keratinocyte-derived cytokines after photodynamic therapy and their paracrine induction of matrix metalloproteinases in fibroblasts","volume":"151","author":"Karrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R20-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03210.x","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with 20% aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts in an Asian population","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R21-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000800","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy:A clinical consensus guide","volume":"42","author":"Ozog","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R22-20240829","first-page":"145","article-title":"Current evidence and applications of photodynamic therapy in dermatology","volume":"7","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"R23-20240829","first-page":"1054","article-title":"delta-Aminolevulinic acid and blue light photodynamic therapy for treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas in two patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Itkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R24-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15344","article-title":"Gain with no pain?Pain management in dermatological photodynamic therapy","volume":"177","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R25-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.03.001","article-title":"What is the most relevent factor causing pain during ALA-PDT?A multi-center, open clinical pain score research trial of actinic keratosis, acne and condylomata acuminata","volume":"26","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R26-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102340","article-title":"Chinese guidelines on the clinical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in dermatology (2021 edition)","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R27-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.06.021","article-title":"Efficacy of the combination of superficial shaving with photodynamic therapy for recalcitrant periungual warts","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R28-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01307.x","article-title":"Enhanced efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methyl 5-aminolevulinic acid in recalcitrant periungual warts after ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser:A pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Yoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"R29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02081.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of periungual warts using photodynamic therapy:A pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Schroeter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R30-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.146","article-title":"Modified 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy to reduce pain in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris:A prospective, randomized, split-face study","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R31-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.07.002","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy and pain:A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Ang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_524_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:23:46Z","timestamp":1787768626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_524_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_524_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154","1998-3611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}