{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:27:03Z","timestamp":1787772423780,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Primary scarring alopecias (PSAs) are a rare group of dermatological disorders with overlapping clinical features. They result in permanent hair loss and significant psychological morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n To analyze the clinico-epidemiology of PSAs of the scalp, along with clinico-pathological correlation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a cross sectional, observational study including 53 histopathologically confirmed cases of PSA. Clinico-demographic parameters, hair care practices, and histologic characteristics were noted and statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 53 patients (mean age 30.9 \u00b1 8.1 years, M: F 1:1.2, median duration 4 years) with PSA, lichen planopilaris (LPP) was most common (39.6%, 21\/53), followed by pseudopelade of Brocq [30.2%, 16\/53], discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) [16.9%, 9\/53], and non-specific scarring alopecia (SA) (7.5%, 4\/53), while central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), folliculitis decalvans, and acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) accounted for 1 case each. Forty-seven patients (88.7%) demonstrated predominant lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, while basal cell degeneration and follicular plugging were the commonest histological changes. Perifollicular erythema and dermal mucin deposition were noted in all patients with DLE (both\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Nail involvement (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004) and mucosal involvement (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.8) were more common in LPP. Single alopecic patches were characteristic of DLE and CCCA. Hair care practices (non-medicated shampoo > oil) had no significant association with the subtype of PSA. (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.4)\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n PSAs are a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. Thus, histology and clinico-pathological correlation should be performed in all cases for proper diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_540_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:14:59Z","timestamp":1716984899000},"page":"624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinico-Epidemiology and Histopathologic Spectrum of Primary Scarring Alopecia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Souvik","family":"Sardar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somenath","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrashis","family":"Podder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14217","article-title":"Primary scarring alopecia: A retrospective study of 89 patients in Taiwan","volume":"45","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13259","article-title":"The role of beliefs: Lessons from a pilot study on illness perception, psychological distress and quality of life in patients with primary cicatricial alopecia","volume":"172","author":"Chiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R3-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.04.032","article-title":"Vitamin D status in scarring and non-scarring alopecia","volume":"85","author":"Conic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.68","article-title":"Summary of North American Hair Research Society (NAHRS)-sponsored workshop on cicatricial alopecia, Duke university medical center, February 10 and 11, 2001","volume":"48","author":"Olsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.167459","article-title":"Clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathological features of primary cicatricial alopecias: A retrospective observational study at a tertiary care centre of North East India","volume":"7","author":"Thakur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Trichology"},{"key":"R6-40-20240829","first-page":"1372","article-title":"The spectrum of histopathological lesions in scarring alopecia: A prospective study","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R7-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e318201abcd","article-title":"Histopathology of scarring alopecia in Indian patients","volume":"33","author":"Inchara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"R8-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.04.001","article-title":"Primary cicatricial alopecias: Clinicopathology of 112 cases","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R9-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000086436","article-title":"Value of direct immunofluorescence for differential diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia","volume":"211","author":"Trachsler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"R10-40-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"An epidemiological study of 198 cases of primary cicatricial alopecia in Iran","volume":"11","author":"Fatemi-Naeini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Med Res"},{"key":"R11-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(00)00132-2","article-title":"Cicatricial alopecia: Clinico-pathological findings and treatment","volume":"19","author":"Whiting","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.2.235","article-title":"A new look at scarring alopecia","volume":"136","author":"Sperling","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2002.01331.x","article-title":"Cicatricial alopecia; A dermatopathologic and immunopathologic study of 33 patients (pseudopelade of Brocq is not a specific clinico-pathologic entity)","volume":"41","author":"Amato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R14-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2015.5960","article-title":"An epidemiological study of 97 cases of primary cicatricial alopecia in Iran","volume":"7","author":"Beheshtiroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Rep"},{"key":"R15-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2013.1609.1611","article-title":"Evaluation of cicatricial alopecia in Iran","volume":"16","author":"Nejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R16-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.136833","article-title":"Clinical features of primary cicatricial alopecia in Chinese patients","volume":"80","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R17-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000467395","article-title":"Primary scarring alopecia: Clinical-pathological review of 72 cases and review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Villablanca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"},{"key":"R18-40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04129.x","article-title":"Scarring alopecia: Clinical and pathologic study of 54 African-American women","volume":"48","author":"Borovicka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"R19-40-20240829","first-page":"15","article-title":"Primary cicatricial alopecia; 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