{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:19Z","timestamp":1787071219149,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Male urethritis is primarily sexually transmitted in India and has also shown a high rate. Urethritis or inflammation of the urethra is a multifactorial condition. It is called gonococcal urethritis (GU) when\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n is detected in a urethral smear of the patient and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) when this organism cannot be visualized.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To study the demographic profile and management pattern of NGU retrospectively in male patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Urethritis cases were identified from the dermatology outpatient record. A retrospective study of data of patients diagnosed with NGU was done for 5 years from August 2015 to July 2020. We included only male patients more than 10 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n (CT, 48%) was the most common causative organism found. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating \u22655 polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNLs) from the anterior urethra using a Gram-stained urethral smear followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR.) of urine. The most common age group affected was 21\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \u2013<\/jats:title>\n \n 30, (30, 46%) years with a mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) of 30.32 \u00b1 10.80. Most patients were from low socioeconomic status, labourers (36, 55%). A history of heterosexual behaviour, (57, 88%) was the most common and it had been seen that sexual exposure was more common in unmarried patients (38, 59%). Associated features were seen in 18 patients. Among recommended initial therapies for NGU, doxycycline and azithromycin might be improved by the addition of antimicrobial coverage for\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n ). Further, it was seen that response to doxycycline therapy was better than azithromycin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Though there is an increased incidence of Herpes infections, we found\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n infection to be the most common cause of NGU. Doxycycline showed better results in NGU due to\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_917_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T16:38:33Z","timestamp":1724949513000},"page":"245-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Retrospective Study of Demographic Profile and Management Appraisal Non-Gonococcal Urethritis in Male Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Odisha"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Binayak Chandra","family":"Dwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hitech Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibedita","family":"Patro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hitech Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamata","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hitech Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Preventive Medicine, Hitech Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416648585","article-title":"2016 European guideline on the management of non-gonococcal urethritis","volume":"27","author":"Horner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R3-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq074","article-title":"Re-evaluating the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: Emphasizing emerging pathogens-a randomized clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"Schwebke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-20250921","first-page":"303","article-title":"Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: An update","volume":"138","author":"Malhotra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R5-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00899-14","article-title":"Characteristics of acute nongonococcal urethritis in men differ by sexual preference","volume":"52","author":"Rane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175453","article-title":"Effectiveness of syndromic management for male patients with urethral discharge symptoms in Amazonas, Brazil","volume":"92","author":"Menezes","year":"2017","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"R7-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1086\/499434","article-title":"Etiologies of nongonococcal urethritis: Bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenital exposure","volume":"193","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1043-4","article-title":"Management of non-gonococcal urethritis","volume":"15","author":"Moi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-20250921","first-page":"198","article-title":"Microbiological study of urethritis in males with special reference to Candida urethritis","volume":"33","author":"Dabke","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R10-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(02)72456-1","article-title":"Candiduria in patients with urethral catheter admitted in intensive care unit. Etiology and in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole","volume":"118","author":"Morera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"R11-20250921","first-page":"443","article-title":"Microbiological study of urethritis in men attending a STD clinic","volume":"91","author":"Pillai","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R12-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.196884","article-title":"Treatment outcomes and loss to follow-up rate of male patients with gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis who attended the sexually transmitted disease clinic: An 8-year retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Leeyaphan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS"},{"key":"R13-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_98_15","article-title":"A clinic-etiological study of urethritis in men attending sexually transmitted disease clinic at a tertiary hospital","volume":"38","author":"Nayak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R14-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61481","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061481","article-title":"Treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium. Observations from a Swedish STD clinic","volume":"8","author":"Anagrius","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R15-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"R16-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.03.017","article-title":"Clinical courses of herpes simplex virus-induced urethritis in men","volume":"23","author":"Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R17-20250921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.4.1.125","article-title":"Trichomoniasis and its treatment","volume":"4","author":"Nanda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_917_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:15Z","timestamp":1787067795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_917_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_917_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154","1998-3611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}}}