{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:30:48Z","timestamp":1787772648904,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Common wart, also known as verruca vulgaris is characterized by focal proliferation of keratinocytes caused by multiple strains of human papilloma virus (HPV). Conventional treatments like chemical cautery, cryotherapy, electro-cautery, etc often fail to cure verruca satisfactorily. The present work was a randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority clinical trial with an objective of comparing the effectiveness and safety of subcutaneous MMR versus intralesional MMR vaccine in the treatment of multiple warts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consenting patients of both sexes of 18-65 years age, who have viral warts and did not receive anti-wart treatment in the last 4 weeks and devoid of any active bacterial or viral skin diseases were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible patients were randomized into either group A (receiving 0.3 ml of intralesional MMR) or group B (receiving 0.5 ml of subcutaneous MMR). A total of three injections were administered at two weeks interval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome Measure:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The response was considered complete if there was disappearance of the wart(s) and return of the normal skin markings, partial if the wart(s) was regression in size by 50-99% and no response if there was be 0-49% decrease in wart size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty patients were recruited in each group; 5 of group A and 3 of group B were lost to follow up. Modified intention to treat analysis was performed, so, the last observation of such patients was carried forward and all 60 participants were analysed. Number of warts and size of the largest wart were declined significantly (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001 respectively) in both the treatment arms. No significant difference between two groups were seen. Complete clearance including distant lesions was achieved in 22 patients; 12 (48%) in group A and 10 (37.04%) in group B, but the final outcome at the end of the study showed no significant difference between the two t groups. (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.64).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Adverse Events:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only one patient had developed mild fever with tender, enlarged parotid gland after first injection of subcutaneous MMR which resolved within two weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efficacy and safety profile of Subcutaneous and intralesional MMR were almost same. Both can be considered as safe and cost effective treatment of warts while the subcutaneous route may be easier to administer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_960_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T17:19:48Z","timestamp":1724951988000},"page":"99-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Immunotherapy of Warts with Intralesional Versus Subcutaneous MMR Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Abanti","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrajit","family":"Bahalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sristi","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arini","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Bandyopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04066.x","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts","volume":"144","author":"Sterling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.79694","article-title":"Intralesional immunotherapy for the management of warts","volume":"77","author":"Chandrashekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R5-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.129701","article-title":"Efficacy of intralesional injection of mumps-measles-rubella vaccine in patients with wart","volume":"3","author":"Zamanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"R6-1-20240829","first-page":"8548","article-title":"Intralesional measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine - An effective therapeutic tool in the treatment of wart","volume":"50","author":"Raju","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthcare"},{"key":"R7-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.175920","article-title":"Intralesional mumps, measles and rubella vaccine in the treatment of cutaneous warts","volume":"82","author":"Saini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"R8-1-20240829","first-page":"21","article-title":"Intradermal vs intralesional purified protein derivatives in treatment of warts","volume":"18","author":"Elela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Golf J Deramatol Venereol"},{"key":"R9-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12230","article-title":"Intralesional tuberculin (PPD) versus measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine in treatment of multiple warts: A comparative clinical and immunological study","volume":"28","author":"Shaheen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"R10-1-20240829","first-page":"51","article-title":"How to calculate sample size in randomized controlled trial?","volume":"1","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R11-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdd.ijdd_1_17","article-title":"Effect of measles mumps rubella vaccine in treatment of common warts","volume":"3","author":"Dhope","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-1-20240829","first-page":"15","article-title":"Therapeutic outcome of intralesional immunotherapy in cutaneous warts using the mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Awal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"R13-1-20240829","first-page":"10","article-title":"Intralesional injection of the measles\u2013 mumps\u2013rubella vaccine into resistant palmoplantar warts: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Rezai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"R14-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03611.x","article-title":"Intralesional immunotherapy of common warts: Successful treatment with mumps, measles and rubella vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Nofal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R15-1-20240829","first-page":"4637","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a combination \u2013 Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in the treatment of plantar warts","volume":"4","author":"Mohamad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"key":"R16-1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.07.023","article-title":"Intralesional immunotherapy of plantar warts: Report of a new antigen combination","volume":"63","author":"Gamil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_960_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:07:21Z","timestamp":1787771241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_960_21"}},"subtitle":["An Open Label Randomized, Parallel Group, Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijd.ijd_960_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5154"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5154","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}