{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:36:32Z","timestamp":1791311792314,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral disease characterized by intermittent eruptions of painful oral ulcerations. Hippocrates first described aphthous stomatitis with the Greek word\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aphthi<\/jats:italic>\n                      meaning \u201cto inflame.\u201d RAS affects 10\u201320% of the population with the incidence being the highest among young adults. The peak age of onset is between 10 and 19 years of age. It has three main forms of presentation. The most common being minor RAS, along with the major and herpetiform types. Many local and systemic factors are associated with RAS pathogenesis. The main concern with oral aphthae in many cases is local pain, which can be severe enough to interfere with eating, speaking, and swallowing. It is important to differentiate RAS from systemic diseases with aphthae\u2014such as Beh\u00e7et's syndrome and the newly-delineated, autoinflammatory PFAPA (periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) syndrome\u2014as well as from other aphthous-like ulcerations like herpes simplex virus (HSV) or Coxsackie oral lesions. The management depends upon the clinical presentation and symptomatology\u2014focusing on analgesic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_971_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1716984914000},"page":"834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Marcus L","family":"Elias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Fatahzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-64-20240829","first-page":"263","article-title":"Epidemiology of oral mucosal lesions in Slovenia","volume":"52","author":"Kansky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"R2-64-20240829","first-page":"95","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"31","author":"Ship","year":"2000","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"R3-64-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.863","article-title":"Complex aphthosis: A large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide","volume":"52","author":"Letsinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Amer Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R4-64-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13381","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et's disease: A comprehensive review with a focus on epidemiology, etiology and clinical features, and management of mucocutaneous lesions","volume":"43","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"R5-64-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2012.01134.x","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A review","volume":"41","author":"Chavan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R6-64-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/58.1.41","article-title":"Treatment strategies for recurrent oral aphthous ulcers","volume":"58","author":"Barrons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"R7-64-20240829","first-page":"281","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"58","author":"Akintoye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent Clin"},{"key":"R8-64-20240829","first-page":"27","article-title":"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 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