{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:53:58Z","timestamp":1793170438741,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important facial muscle disorders comprising signs and symptoms including pain during function, tenderness in the muscles of mastication and restricted jaw movement. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and combination therapy of LLLT and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of myofascial pain with or without other TMD (temporomandibular disorders).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty patients with MPDS were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received LLLT (Biolase\u2122; GA-Al-As; 940 nm) in 12 sessions. Group 2 received a combination of LLLT with the drug Aceclofenac 200 mg till the end of the 12\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      session. Following each session and after two months, the pain intensity, maximum mouth opening, clicking sound and jaw deviation were evaluated in both groups. Data were collected and analysed using the independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and Friedman test (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both group 1 and group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain and a significant increase in mouth opening, which was faster in group 2 compared to group 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both LLLT and a combination of LLLT and drug therapy are effective in the management of myofascial pain. LLLT + pharmacotherapy combination is more efficient at improving pain and mouth opening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_1008_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T10:00:14Z","timestamp":1731664814000},"page":"37-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low-Level Laser Therapy with Pharmacotherapy in the Management of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome with or without Other Temporomandibular Disorders"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jigna S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish K.","family":"Poojary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/denthyp.denthyp_112_21","article-title":"Comparing the effects of low-level laser therapy with ibuprofen in improving myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Hypotheses"},{"key":"R2-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2008.tb00351.x","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder","volume":"58","author":"da Cunha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R3-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10241","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in myofascial pain syndrome:An algometric and thermographic evaluation","volume":"33","author":"Hakg\u00fcder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R4-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942010000300004","article-title":"Laser therapy efficacy in temporomandibular disorders:Control study","volume":"76","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R5-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-229","article-title":"Evaluation of effect of low-level laser therapy on adolescents with temporomandibular disorder:Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Leal de Godoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"R6-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-1363.188760","article-title":"Evaluation of laser therapy and routine treatment modalities in the management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Jagdhari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"key":"R7-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2005.01516.x","article-title":"Low intensity laser therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders:A double-blind study","volume":"32","author":"De Abreu Venancio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R8-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2016.10","article-title":"Low level laser therapy versus pharmacotherapy in improving myofascial pain disorder syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Khalighi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R9-20250531","first-page":"375","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of aceclofenac sustained release formulation and comparison of formulated and marketed product","volume":"1","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1179\/0886963413Z.0000000004","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy for management of TMJ osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Madani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cranio\u00ae"},{"key":"R11-20250531","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser in the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Azizi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects"},{"key":"R12-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310000139","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular disorder","volume":"32","author":"Kulekcioglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"R13-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2053","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders:A placebo-controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Fik\u00e1ckov\u00e1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"R14-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000376","article-title":"Assessment of myofascial trigger points using ultrasound","volume":"95","author":"Kumbhare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"R15-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.15171\/jlms.2020.07","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser, hard occlusal appliance and conventional pharmacotherapy in the management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome;A preliminary study","volume":"11","author":"Khiavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R16-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.21608\/adjg.2021.22470.1213","article-title":"Low level laser therapy versus pharmacotherapy and inter occlusal splint therapy in improving myofascial pain disorder syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Ashour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Dent J Girls"},{"key":"R17-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.17245\/jdapm.2022.22.1.19","article-title":"The efficacy of low-level diode laser versus laser acupuncture for the treatment of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS)","volume":"22","author":"Khalighi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent Anesthe Pain Med"},{"key":"R18-20250531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2023.198525.2481","article-title":"Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Comparative controlled clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"R19-20250531","first-page":"83","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy in the management of temporamandibular joint disorder","volume":"8","author":"Lassemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Laser Appl"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_1008_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:29:21Z","timestamp":1787837361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_1008_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_1008_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}