{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:08:04Z","timestamp":1789391284149,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression on osteoclasts, contributing to further alveolar bone destruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the role and diagnostic potential of salivary IL-6 (SIL-6) in the detection and evaluation of chronic periodontitis (CP) and tooth loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study comprised 240 subjects aged 30-69 years with minimum of 15 natural teeth. Fasting, unstimulated whole saliva was collected, full-mouth intra-oral examination and periodontal evaluation were performed using PCP-UNC 15 probe and glycaemic (HbA1c) levels were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Subjects were categorised into four groups of 60 participants each: Group 1 (controls); Group 2 (CP); Group 3 (T2DM with CP); Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss). Salivary IL-6 levels were quantitatively assessed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Average SIL-6 levels were significantly elevated in Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and in severe periodontitis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). Karl Pearson Correlation found a significant association between average SIL-6 and average periodontal pocket depth (APPD) (r = 0.180), average clinical attachment loss \u22653 mm (ACAL3) (r = 0.289) and severity of periodontitis (r = 0.3228). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve depicted an overall sensitivity of 53.3%, specificity of 68.6% and accuracy of 60% in the detection and assessment of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-6 in saliva is a valuable, non-invasive biomarker in the detection and evaluation of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_112_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T15:00:13Z","timestamp":1717426813000},"page":"28-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salivary Interleukin-6 as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Chronic Periodontitis and Tooth Loss in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sunila Bukanakere","family":"Sangappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsha Mysore","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Sri Hasanamba Dental College and Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra C.","family":"Savadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Savadi Dental Care, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen T.","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Rocklands, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammu V. 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V.","family":"Ravi Kiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Rocklands, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-021-01738-2","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in people clinically diagnosed with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies","volume":"58","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"R2-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R3-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090510","article-title":"Salivary interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8, and osteoprotegerin in patients with periodontitis and diabetes","volume":"81","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R4-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.27","article-title":"Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Saremi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R5-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1985.0195","article-title":"The accuracy of clinical parameters in detecting periodontal disease activity","volume":"111","author":"Ryan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R6-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13393","article-title":"Salivary biomarkers for discriminating periodontitis in the presence of diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R7-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6393","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26521","article-title":"Biological effects of interleukin-6 on gingival fibroblasts: Cytokine regulation in periodontitis","volume":"233","author":"Naruishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"R8-20260914","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_167_14","article-title":"Salivary interleukin-6-A pioneering marker for correlating diabetes and chronic periodontitis: A comparative study","volume":"28","author":"Balaji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R9-20260914","article-title":"Salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-17 could be an indicator of disease severity in patients with calculus associated chronic periodontitis","author":"Batool","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int 2018"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R10-20260914","first-page":"S13","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Diabetes Association. 2. 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