{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:22:14Z","timestamp":1787772134522,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n \n Malocclusion and fixed orthodontic appliances can increase plaque accumulation and the risk of periodontal disease. Effective plaque control is crucial during orthodontic treatment. While chlorhexidine is a gold standard mouthwash, it has side effects like staining and enhance metal ion release from orthodontic appliances. Chlorine dioxide (ClO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) mouthwash is a promising alternative with potentially fewer adverse effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n The aim of the study is to assess the periodontal status and biocompatibility in the buccal cells of orthodontic subjects on mechanotherapy with and without adjunct ClO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n using Micronucleus test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial enrolled 40 patients aged 18\u201330 undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group I (mechanical plaque control only) and Group II (mechanical plaque control with adjunct ClO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n mouthwash). Plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and micronuclei (MN) in buccal epithelial cells assessed at baseline, 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n and 3\n rd<\/jats:sup>\n months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Group II showed significantly lower PI and GBI scores at 1 and 3 months compared to Group I. While both groups showed increased PPD and CAL over time, the differences between groups were not significant. Critically, Group I exhibited a significant increase in micronucleated cells over time, while Group II showed a decrease from 1\n st<\/jats:sup>\n to 3\n rd<\/jats:sup>\n months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n ClO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n mouthwash significantly reduced plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients, mitigating MN increase from fixed appliances, suggesting DNA damage protection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_146_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:01:22Z","timestamp":1780416082000},"page":"34-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Periodontal Status and Biocompatibility in Orthodontic Patients with and without Adjunct Chlorine Dioxide Mouthwash \u2013 An Evaluative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lochini","family":"Suriyanarayanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. L. Ravi","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Chandrasekharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. V.","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Sri Soury","family":"Geddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhashini","family":"Balaguru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 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