{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:24Z","timestamp":1786649784173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The present investigation is motivated by the fact that the incidence of visual impairment is increasing all over the world. Visually challenged people may encounter specific problems in maintaining their oral hygiene, leading to a higher risk of periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This comparative study was conducted among visually challenged 5-20 year old school children. A total of 40 children were selected from two different residential schools for the visually challenged. Prior consent was obtained from the respective school authorities and the parents or guardians through the school. Oral education by oral health talk was delivered via a lecture mode in one school, and the same information in braille script was administered in the other school. The demographic data, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and Plaque Index (PI), was recorded before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study showed that both modes of administering oral hygiene instructions were effective in improving the oral health status of the study subjects as shown by a reduction in the OHI-S scores. The mean reduction in the OHI-S score in the oral education group was 0.79 \u00b1 0.22, while in the braille group, it was 0.46 \u00b1 0.14. This difference was not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.966). The mean reduction in Plaque Index score was 0.33 in oral education group and 0.16 in braille. This difference was statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.037).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n In this study, we found that both the methods of oral hygiene instruction were equally effective in improving the oral health status of the visually disabled children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_384_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T09:00:57Z","timestamp":1740992457000},"page":"399-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Among Visually Challenged Children using Oral and Braille - A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Hema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamala","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Antigua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Ahila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Thirumalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Magesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","first-page":"ZC75","article-title":"Effectiveness of various sensory input methods in dental health education among blind children- A comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Ganapathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R2-20260423","first-page":"6","article-title":"Effect of visual impairment education on the improvement of oral hygiene and reduction of Periodontitis prevalence","volume":"18","author":"Kadkhoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Dent"},{"key":"R3-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_854_20","article-title":"New vision for improving oral hygiene status of visually impaired students aged from 9 to 17 years","volume":"9","author":"Gautam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R4-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-13-33","article-title":"Oral health of visually impaired schoolchildren in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"13","author":"Tagelsir","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R5-20260423","first-page":"51","article-title":"The effectiveness of oral health education program with and without involving self-maintainable oral hygiene skills among the visually impaired children","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Scien Stud"},{"key":"R6-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.34.3.j4781g2w8891848u","article-title":"Oral health status of visually impaired children. A south Indian study","volume":"34","author":"Shetty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R7-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.79922","article-title":"Prevalence of oral health status in visually impaired children","volume":"29","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R8-20260423","first-page":"22","article-title":"Oral health knowledge, practice and hygiene status and dental caries prevalence among visually impaired students in residential institute of Aligarh","volume":"1","author":"Ahamad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dent Oral Hyg"},{"key":"R9-20260423","first-page":"75","article-title":"Caries expirence and oral health status of group of visually impaired children in Istanbul","volume":"10","author":"Bakiroglun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R10-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290101.x","article-title":"Global epidemiology of oral diseases: An overview","volume":"29","author":"Albandar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R11-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X0509900103","article-title":"Perceived Competence of Children with Visual Impairments","volume":"99","author":"Deborah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"R13-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50.","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_233_18","article-title":"Effectiveness of oral health education program using braille text in a group of visually impaired children-before and after comparison trial","volume":"8","author":"Khurana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Edu Health Promot"},{"key":"R14-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.192938","article-title":"Effect of oral health education in the form of Braille and oral health talk on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and status of 12\u201317 years old visually impaired school girls in Pune city: A comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Bhor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent"},{"key":"R15-20260423","first-page":"243","article-title":"Improvement of oral health knowledge in a group of visually impaired students","volume":"4","author":"Yalcinkaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R16-20260423","first-page":"21","article-title":"Oral health preventive protocol[7] for mentally disabled subjects \u2013 A review","volume":"2","author":"Bhambal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"R17-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.7126\/cumudj.474293","article-title":"Improvement of oral health status in a group of students with visual impairment in Istanbul","volume":"22","author":"Alt\u0131n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cumhuriyet Dent J"},{"key":"R18-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-0864-6","article-title":"Recent trends in vision impairment certifications in England and Wales","volume":"34","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R19-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-022-0814-1","article-title":"Is the oral health of visually impaired children and adolescents different compared to their sighted peers?","volume":"23","author":"Crowder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Dent"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_384_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:21Z","timestamp":1786647501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_384_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_384_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-30","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}