{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:22:25Z","timestamp":1787772145026,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n \n Bacterial biofilms in the oral cavity lead to dental decay and reduce the durability of dental restorations. In this context, microbe-derived nanomaterials offer promising, broad-spectrum alternatives to synthetic drugs. This study aims to biosynthesize eco-friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) by a marine actinobacterium\n Streptomyces rochei<\/jats:italic>\n and further characterize and ascertain its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the oral pathogen\n Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n ZnONPs were synthesised using\n S. rochei<\/jats:italic>\n and characterised through spectroscopical analysis. Antibacterial activity was assessed using well-diffusion and multi-well plate assays. Biofilm inhibitory activity was determined using crystal violet assay and validated by microscopy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n ZnONPs showed Ultraviolet \u2013 Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) peaks at 364 nm. Fourier Transform \u2013 Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) results revealed the interaction of possible functional groups associated with the stability and surface chemistry of the nanoparticle. Field Emission \u2013 Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) results showed the morphology of ZnONPs was irregular and flaky, with an average grain size of 55.04 nm. ZnONPs exhibited profound antibacterial activity (Halo: 17.9 mm) with minimal bacteriostatic (50 \u03bcg\/ml) and bactericidal (100 \u03bcg\/ml) values. Biofilm inhibitory effect of ZnONPs inferred a substantial (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) reduction in a dose-dependent manner against\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n (24%-96%). Crystal violet and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic (CLSM) visuals manifested the distorted biofilm architecture of\n S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This novel approach underscores a sustainable method for synthesising ZnONPs and suggests that it could be effectively used as nano-antibiotics by coating the surface of dental implants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_467_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:00:25Z","timestamp":1776524425000},"page":"77-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Streptomyces rochei-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Dental Caries-Causing Streptococcus mutans - An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Shivam","family":"Madan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganapathy","family":"Dhanraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramasamy","family":"Ramasubburayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.032.601","article-title":"Progress of antimicrobial discovery against the major cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans","volume":"32","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"R2-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.24815\/jds.v7i2.30295","article-title":"The Streptococcus mutans ability to survive in biofilms and during caries formation: Scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Utamaninyas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Syiah Kuala Dent Soc"},{"key":"R3-20260618","first-page":"127526","article-title":"New strategies and mechanisms for targeting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation to prevent dental caries: A review","volume":"287","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol 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Artif Cell Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"R13-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0259190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259190","article-title":"Biofabrication of ZnO nanoparticles using Acacia arabica leaf extract and their antibiofilm and antioxidant potential against foodborne pathogens","volume":"17","author":"Hayat","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R14-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-024-03035-y","article-title":"Phytofabrication of biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticle using Gymnema sylvestre and its potent in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)","volume":"47","author":"Kavipriya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioproc Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"R15-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02284-5","article-title":"Spotlight on therapeutic efficiency of green synthesis metals and their oxide nanoparticles in periodontitis","volume":"22","author":"Kiarashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"R16-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112592","article-title":"Biofilm inhibition in Candida albicans with biogenic hierarchical zinc-oxide nanoparticles","volume":"134","author":"Joshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"R17-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939390","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.939390","article-title":"Anti-biofilm efficacy of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on oral biofilm: In vitro and in silico study","volume":"13","author":"Lahiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"R18-20260618","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbial synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their potential application as an antimicrobial agent and a feed supplement in animal industry: A review","volume":"10","author":"Mohd","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"R19-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21391","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c02239","article-title":"Advances in nanotechnology for biofilm inhibition","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"R20-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04440-y","article-title":"Size-dependent uptake and hemolytic effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on erythrocytes and biomedical potential of ZnO-ferulic acid conjugates","volume":"7","author":"Preedia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_467_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:30:43Z","timestamp":1787769043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_467_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_467_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}