{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:22:00Z","timestamp":1787772120749,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Context:<\/jats:title>\n The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs have spurred interest in herbal alternatives. Co-administration of curcumin with piperine and its nano-formulation incorporation can significantly improve its bioavailability and drug release.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the biocompatibility and assess the anti-biofilm activity of gel integrating nanocurcumin with nanopiperine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Materials:<\/jats:title>\n \n Nanocurcumin, nanopiperine, and a nanocurcumin\u2013nanopiperine (1:0.2) combination gel were formulated using carboxymethyl cellulose. Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 \u03bcg\/mL, and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay at 570 nm. The anti-biofilm efficacy of the combination gel (0.9\u2013500 \u03bcg\/mL) against a dual-species biofilm of\n Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n rhamnosus was evaluated using a crystal violet assay and compared with calcium hydroxide, with absorbance measured at 600 nm.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n \n The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. For inter-group comparison, one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey\u2019s post-hoc test for multiple pairwise comparisons was used with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n MTT assay showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity: nanocurcumin maintained >70% viability (71.1\u2013100%), nanopiperine showed 69.7\u201392%, and the combination showed 37% at 1000 \u03bcg\/mL but >71% at \u2264700 \u03bcg\/mL. Crystal violet assay showed maximum biofilm inhibition at 500 \u03bcg\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The novel curcumin\u2013piperine nanogel formulation exhibits excellent biocompatibility on human gingival fibroblast cells at concentrations below 700 \u03bcg\/ml. Remarkable biofilm inhibition against the combined biofilm model at 500 \u03bcg\/ml and lesser concentration was also achieved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_576_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T17:01:02Z","timestamp":1779555662000},"page":"82-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biocompatibility of Nanocurcumin-Nanopiperine Gels and Their Efficacy Against Streptococcus Mutans - Lactobacillus Rhamnoses Biofilm Model"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Vandana","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendran Varun","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrasekaran","family":"Charanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundaresan","family":"Balagopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sekar","family":"Mahalaxmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260618","first-page":"1","article-title":"Merits and demerits of calcium hydroxide as a therapeutic agent: A review","volume":"2","author":"Revathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dent Sci Res"},{"key":"R2-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.21608\/dsu.2021.46129.1051","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of different intracanal medicaments","volume":"2","author":"Adam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Sci Updates"},{"key":"R3-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2019.08.004","article-title":"Curcumin-A natural medicament for root canal disinfection: Effects of irrigation, drug release, and photoactivation","volume":"45","author":"Sotomil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R4-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080939","article-title":"Methods used for enhancing the bioavailability of oral curcumin in randomized controlled trials: A meta-research study","volume":"15","author":"Mimica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"R5-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957450","article-title":"Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers","volume":"64","author":"Shoba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"R6-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8090529","article-title":"Synthesis and applications of carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"R7-20260618","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of curcumin and piperine nanoparticles and in silico analysis of their interaction against glycosyltransferase of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus rhamnosus","volume":"6","author":"Vandana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Afr J Biol Sci"},{"key":"R8-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091420","article-title":"Co-delivery of curcumin and bioperine via PLGA nanoparticles to prevent atherosclerotic foam cell formation","volume":"13","author":"Pillai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"R9-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8060384","article-title":"Formulation development and ex-vivo permeability of curcumin hydrogels under the influence of natural chemical enhancers","volume":"8","author":"Nawaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"R10-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"R11-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00524","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans displays altered stress responses while enhancing biofilm formation by lactobacillus casei in mixed-species consortium","volume":"7","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-20260618","article-title":"Growing and analyzing static biofilms","author":"Merritt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040575","article-title":"Effect of different intracanal medicaments on the viability and survival of dental pulp stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Bhandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"R14-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2013007236","article-title":"Nanocurcumin: A promising therapeutic advancement over native curcumin","volume":"30","author":"Flora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst"},{"key":"R15-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/endo.endo_107_20","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of two different intercanal medicaments on human gingival fibroblasts - A Laboratory study","volume":"34","author":"Barakatein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endodontology"},{"key":"R16-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.4103\/jioh.jioh_50_23","article-title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of three different types of intracanal medications","volume":"15","author":"Abdou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"R17-20260618","article-title":"Influence of curcumin nanocrystals on the early osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells","author":"Samiei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanomater 2022"},{"key":"R18-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2015.05.009","article-title":"Curcumin in combination with piperine suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vitro","volume":"41","author":"Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R19-20260618","first-page":"4508709","article-title":"Curcumin as a Promising Antibacterial Agent: Effects on Metabolism and Biofilm Formation in S","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"mutans. Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"R20-20260618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01975-5","article-title":"The enhancing antibiofilm activity of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans strains from severe early childhood caries","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_576_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:30:43Z","timestamp":1787769043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_576_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_576_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-06","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}