{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:47:44Z","timestamp":1787071664754,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate whether gender, religion, and socio-economic position (SEP) intersect to structure social inequalities in oral health among adults in Hyderabad.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic details and SEP (based on poverty income ratio) were obtained. Clinical oral examination was assessed for untreated dental caries, bleeding gums, periodontal status, loss of attachment, and edentulism using WHO proforma 2013 among 264 study participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clear inequalities in the four oral conditions were observed according to SEP. The odds of having each oral condition were lower among higher SEP groups. By Religion, Christians have 2.3 times higher odds of having untreated caries. Christians and Muslims have higher odds (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) for bleeding gums compared to Hindus. In addition to that, males showed lower odds of having bleeding gums than their female counterparts. Finally, oral conditions were more prevalent in older age groups compared to younger age group participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study concluded that there is an acceptable intersection between demographic characteristics in predicting the untreated oral health condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_671_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:00:10Z","timestamp":1758805210000},"page":"180-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intersection of Gender, Religion, and Socio-economic Position in Relation to Untreated Oral Conditions - A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Twinkle","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadeeswara Rao","family":"Sukhabogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolar","family":"Doshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijayalakshmi","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preethi","family":"Lunavath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities:Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12290","article-title":"Sexual orientation-related oral health disparities in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12573","article-title":"What is intersectionality and why is it important in oral health research?","volume":"48","author":"Elaine Muirhead","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12581","article-title":"Intersectionality, racial discrimination and oral health in Australia","volume":"49","author":"Schuch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12845","article-title":"The intersections of socioeconomic position, gender, race\/ethnicity and nationality in relation to oral conditions among American adults","volume":"51","author":"Madera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.05.019","article-title":"Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours:A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation","volume":"127","author":"Kraft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181ec173d","article-title":"Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment","volume":"5","author":"Mandrekar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71146-6","article-title":"Social determinants of health inequalities","volume":"365","author":"Marmot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684316647953","article-title":"Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research:II","volume":"40","author":"Else-Quest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods and techniques. Psychol Women Q"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109908326814","article-title":"The time- and context-contingent nature of intersectionality and interlocking oppressions","volume":"24","author":"Hulko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Affilia"},{"key":"R12-20251006","first-page":"12","article-title":"The shape of the relationship between income and mortality in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Backlund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Evidence from the national longitudinal mortality study. Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4394","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124394","article-title":"Large gender gap in oral hygiene behavior and its impact on gingival health in late adolescence","volume":"17","author":"Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04072-z","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome components and gingival bleeding is women-specific:A nested cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Pietropaoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"R15-20251006","first-page":"5677","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease in middle-aged and elderly patients and its influencing factors","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12380","article-title":"Frailty, aging, and periodontal disease:Basic biologic considerations","volume":"87","author":"Clark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R17-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.201629","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey to assess the effect of socioeconomic status on the oral hygiene habits","volume":"20","author":"Oberoi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R18-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0630-3","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, oral health and dental disease in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States","volume":"18","author":"Mejia","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R19-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7020039","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health-related quality of life among brazilians:A cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"Bof de Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent J"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_671_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:50:41Z","timestamp":1787068241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_671_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_671_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}