{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:29:37Z","timestamp":1786739377306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive scarring oral disease caused due to areca quid chewing. The constituents of areca nut can enter into the circulation by swallowing the liquid mixture of areca quid which evokes oxidative stress on RBC membrane integrity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the morphometric characteristics of erythrocytes under light microscopy and to assess the role of areca quid constituents on the morphology of circulating erythrocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood smears prepared from blood samples of 50 patients selected according to Lai's classification. Group I: Normal individuals (10 cases); Group II: Mouth opening &gt; 35 mm (10 cases); Group III: Mouth opening 30-35 mm (10 cases); Group IV: Mouth opening 20-30 mm (10 cases) and Group V: Mouth opening &lt; 20 mm (10 cases). The slides were stained with Leishman's stain and assessed by light microscopy. A total of 100 randomly selected RBCs from 5 different fields in each smear were selected and the RBC circumference was measured and tabulated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical analysis and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.03 software. Tukey's multiple comparison test showed statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) between groups I and IV; I and V; II and IV; II and V; III and IV; III and V.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest the possibility of cytotoxic effect of areca quid constituents on circulating erythrocytes in advanced cases of OSMF, which might result in microcytic anaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_718_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1626188577000},"page":"27-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Erythrocytes in Oral Submucous Fibrosis \u2013 A Morphometric Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Wadhwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chitrapriya","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01156.x","article-title":"Etiology of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the role of areca nut chewing","volume":"24","author":"Murti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R2-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.08.005","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: Review on aetiology and pathogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Tilakaratne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R3-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24020-1","article-title":"Copper content in areca catechu (betel nut) products and oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"349","author":"Trivedy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02033.x","article-title":"The upregulation of lysyl oxidase in oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Trivedy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R5-7-20240828","first-page":"557","article-title":"Influence of copper and zinc on the erythrocyte metric parameters of Carassius gibelio","volume":"14","author":"Arnaudov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulg J Agric Sci"},{"key":"R6-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(10)60030-7","article-title":"Is the blood donated by habitual nut quid chewers suitable for use in transfusion?","volume":"109","author":"Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"R7-7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01209.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods for oral submucous fibrosis. 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