{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:06:41Z","timestamp":1791414401537,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maxillofacial skeleton is the most vulnerable site for trauma due to its prominence. The aim of our study was to analyse the cause and pattern of maxillofacial injuries &amp; to correlate the aetiology and pattern of facial injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study includes 304 patients with facial trauma, who reported to our institute within a time span of 2 years. Data were collected on basis of sociodemographic status plus additional data obtained on type of injury, aetiology, location and status of the victim.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) was fall (43.3%) followed by RTA (34.2%) and assault (15.1%). In upper 3\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      face region frontal bone fracture was prevalent with 1.3%, while in the midface, zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture (3.9%) and in lower 3\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      part of face, mandible fracture (42.8%) and dentoalveolar fracture (30.2%). Mandible was the most prevalent site for trauma. Although fall was the main aetiological factor in our study, midfacial injuries were mainly due to assault and RTA. Combination of mandibular fracture and soft tissue injury were mainly seen in RTA and injury due to fall. Conservative management was mainly employed for treatment with 46.1% followed by ORIF with 36.2%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changing trend in aetiology of MFT was noted. Furthermore, study should be conducted for better understanding, and to carry out preventive measure for the same.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_731_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T12:00:54Z","timestamp":1713614454000},"page":"387-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Changing Trend in Pattern of Maxillofacial Trauma in Mumbai: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Anand","family":"Nikunj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal N.","family":"Ingole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noaman N.","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M A Rangoonwala College of Dental Science and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirish","family":"Kujur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan D.","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi A.","family":"Ranadive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1997.0083","article-title":"Jaw fractures in Enugu, Nigeria, 1985\u201395","volume":"37","author":"Oji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.08.006","article-title":"Aetiology and incidence of maxillofacial trauma in Amsterdam: A retrospective analysis of 579 patients","volume":"40","author":"van den Bergh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R3-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_418_20","article-title":"Evaluation of panfacial fractures in a german supraregional trauma center between 2015 and 2017\u2013A retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Bics\u00e1k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R4-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2007.03.012","article-title":"Review of maxillofacial injuries in Chennai, India: A study of 2748 cases","volume":"45","author":"Subhashraj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_89_19","article-title":"A retrospective cross-sectional study of maxillofacial trauma in Delhi-NCR Region","volume":"8","author":"Chandra","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R6-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_233_18","article-title":"The patterns and etiology of maxillofacial trauma in South India","volume":"9","author":"Abhinav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1322536","article-title":"Maxillofacial trauma in central Karnataka, India: An outcome of 95 cases in a regional trauma care centre","volume":"5","author":"Bharani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"R8-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.07.003","article-title":"Causes and incidence of maxillofacial injuries in India: 12-year retrospective study of 4437 patients in a tertiary hospital in Gujarat","volume":"52","author":"Weihsin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.22442\/jlumhs.171610499","article-title":"Causes of maxillofacial injuries in patients reporting at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad","volume":"16","author":"Sultana","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2020.46.3.183","article-title":"Oral and maxillofacial injuries in children: A retrospective study","volume":"46","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R11-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0264-3","article-title":"Metaanalysis of maxillofacial trauma in the northern districts of Kerala: One year prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Ravindran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R12-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(80)90068-7","article-title":"The pattern of fractures of the facial skeleton in Kaduna, Nigeria. A survey of 1,477 cases","volume":"6","author":"Adekeye","year":"1980","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"R13-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-021-02534-1","article-title":"Maxillofacial fractures in females: A 5-year retrospective review","volume":"191","author":"Ogunbowale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"R14-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0583-7","article-title":"B.A, Dhupar V, Akkara F, Kumar SP. Patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Goa","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"R15-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.18.2341","article-title":"Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries","volume":"284","author":"Holder","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R16-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/834364","article-title":"An epidemiological study on pattern and incidence of mandibular fractures","volume":"2012","author":"Natu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plastic Surg Int"},{"key":"R17-20250715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-011-0289-7","article-title":"Biomechanics of cranio-maxillofacial trauma","volume":"11","author":"Pappachan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_731_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:50Z","timestamp":1786649990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_731_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_731_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}