{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:48:49Z","timestamp":1787071729067,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most prevalent mucocutaneous immunological disorders affecting females. The aim of the study was to determine whether there is an association of serum estradiol levels with the occurrence of OLP in postmenopausal women and also to correlate the estradiol levels with the clinical types of OLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross-sectional study on patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically as OLP (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50) and the controls consisted of 50 postmenopausal women randomly selected with clinically normal oral mucosa. The serum estradiol was estimated for both groups. Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to compare the quantitative variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum estradiol of OLP patients was 13.45 \u00b1 7.96, remarkably less than the controls, 19.49 \u00b1 6.59 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.01). Also, estradiol was seen to decline with the severity of OLP with reticular type (15.5 pg\/mL) than erosive (11.1 pg\/mL) and bullous (12 pg\/mL). Both the patients and controls showed a decline in levels of estradiol with the increase in the period of last menstruation. Increased prevalence of OLP in patients who underwent hysterectomy and oophorectomy than in the controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum estradiol in postmenopausal patients with OLP declined with increased severity of OLP type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_782_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:00:21Z","timestamp":1765004421000},"page":"321-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Serum Estrodiol Levels with Oral Lichen Planus in Postmenopausal Women - A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kallanchira Devaraj","family":"Divya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Director of Medical Education, Directorate of Medical Education, Government of Kerala, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Joseraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nileena Raghavendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555559255257","article-title":"Incidence rate of oral lichen planus among Indian villagers","volume":"59","author":"Bhonsle","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R2-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2010.09.004","article-title":"Oral lichen planus","volume":"44","author":"Parashar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R3-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.40461","article-title":"The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients visiting a dental school in Southern India","volume":"19","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R4-20260121","first-page":"352","article-title":"The effects of estrogen on gingival fibroblast proliferation","volume":"70","author":"Mariotti","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R5-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2002.03206.x","article-title":"Hormonal influences: Effects of diabetes mellitus and endogenous female sex steroid hormones on the periodontium","volume":"32","author":"Mealey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R6-20260121","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Alteration in female sex hormones: Their effect on oral tissues and dental treatment","volume":"14","author":"Ferris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Compendium"},{"key":"R7-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00125.x","article-title":"Lack of clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of oral lichen planus based on the presently available diagnostic criteria and suggestions for modifications","volume":"32","author":"van der Meij","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R8-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-1955(97)00005-5","article-title":"Malignant potential of oral lichen planus;a follow-up study of 326 patients","volume":"33","author":"Markopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00420.x","article-title":"On the natural course of oral lichen lesions in a Swedish population-based sample","volume":"35","author":"Roosaar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R10-20260121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(68)90194-1","article-title":"Oral lichen planus. 1. 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