{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:47:44Z","timestamp":1787071664752,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemical root surface conditioning has been introduced to detoxify, decontaminate, and demineralise the root surfaces affected by periodontitis, thereby removing the smear layer and exposing the collagenous matrix of dentin and cementum. The aim of the study is to compare the effect of 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel and 24% EDTA gel as root conditioning agents on instrumented root surfaces of periodontally involved teeth using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, periodontally affected single-rooted teeth were selected. With a Gracey curette (5\/6), root planing of root surfaces was done. A total of 30 samples were obtained from the cervical two-thirds of the root using hard tissue microtome. The samples were divided into three groups: GROUP \u2013 A: only scaling and root planing (SRP), GROUP \u2013 B: SRP + 24% EDTA, GROUP \u2013 C: SRP + 0.2% hyaluronic acid. The respective conditioning agents were applied on the specimens by the passive burnishing technique with a cotton pellet for 3 minutes. The samples were examined using an SEM. The results obtained were recorded and statistically analysed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results revealed that the root conditioning agents used in this study were effective in removing the smear layer and increasing the total number and diameter of the dentinal tubules. Among them, 24% EDTA was more effective than 0.2% hyaluronic acid (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt; 0.05 \u2013 statistically significant).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of root conditioning agents increased the number of dentinal tubules opening. The efficacy of 24% EDTA seems to be higher than that of 0.2% hyaluronic acid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_842_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1758805213000},"page":"223-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of 0.2% Hyaluronic Acid Gel and 24% EDTA Gel as Root Conditioning Agents on Instrumented Root Surface of Periodontally Involved Teeth \u2013 An In vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Senkalvarayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, R.V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Kesavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayachandran","family":"Dorairaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann T.","family":"Tomy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dr. Soonam\u2019s Dental and Cosmetic Clinic, Piravom, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanathy","family":"Desingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Krishnaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Sri Venkateshwara Dental College, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1974.45.9.672","article-title":"The presence and biologic activity of cementum-bound endotoxin","volume":"45","author":"Aleo","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.8.493","article-title":"Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human 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