{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:24:36Z","timestamp":1790630676198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Candidalysin has been isolated initially from a pathogenic human fungus. The extent of cell elongation 1 (\n ECE1<\/jats:italic>\n ) gene codes for candidalysin of\n Candida albicans (C. albicans)<\/jats:italic>\n . This toxin is most important for epithelial immune activation, invasiveness and infection of the oral mucosa.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study is aimed at detecting the\n ECE<\/jats:italic>\n 1 gene in\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 60\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from OSCC (n = 23), OPMDs (n = 23) and healthy subjects (n = 14) were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of\n ECE<\/jats:italic>\n 1 gene. A high prevalence of the\n ECE<\/jats:italic>\n 1 gene was observed among the\n C<\/jats:italic>\n .\n albicans<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from OSCC and OPMD compared to the isolates from healthy subjects. Statistical significance was observed for both OSCC and OPMD groups compared to the healthy group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The results suggest the significant role of candidalysin in oral oncogenesis. The high odds and risk ratio specify a strong association between candidalysin and these conditions. Screening this gene in a large number of isolates would further reinforce their role in oncogenesis. Future studies in characterizing their virulence on normal cell lines would clarify the importance of candidalysin in promoting oncogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_922_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:11:19Z","timestamp":1729138279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Candida Albicans Candidalysin ECE1 Gene \u2212 A Potent Virulence Factor for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Mani B.","family":"Subramani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Scholar, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnan","family":"Mahalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Research Lab for Oral and Systemic Health, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharathy","family":"Jaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmuGenix Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar Leena","family":"Sankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatesan N.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ImmuGenix Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.9.2246-2254.1996","article-title":"Frequency, intensity, species and strains of Oral Candida vary as a function of host age","volume":"34","author":"Kleinegger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R2-20250213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.8.1702-1710.1991","article-title":"Genetic dissimilarity of commensal strains of Candida spp. carried in different anatomical locations of the same healthy women","volume":"29","author":"Soll","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-20250213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.70402.x","article-title":"Inhalational and topical steroids and Oral candidosis: A mini review","volume":"7","author":"Ellepola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R4-20250213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.04.070169","article-title":"Effect of antibiotics on vulvovaginal candidiasis: A MetroNet study","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"R5-20250213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030099","article-title":"Therapy of skin, hair and nail fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Hay","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"R6-20250213","first-page":"78","article-title":"Nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Candida spp","volume":"43","author":"Wisplinghoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"in the USA: Species distribution, clinical features and antifungal susceptibilities. 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