{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:31:22Z","timestamp":1787758282337,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious oral potentially malignant disorder characterized by increased collagen deposition and reduced collagen degradation causing burning sensation and difficulty in mouth opening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess the efficacy of topical Tulsi (\n Ocimum sanctum<\/jats:italic>\n ) paste for the management of OSMF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n Institution-based clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The study included a total of 60 OSMF patients categorized into three Groups A, B and C (20 in each) depending on the severity according to Lai DR\n et al.<\/jats:italic>\n classification. The patients were advised for topical Tulsi paste application and were evaluated for the reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in mouth opening every month for 3 subsequent months using the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) and a Vernier calliper, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n The baseline and 3-month recordings were subjected to inter- and intra-group statistical analysis using Kruskal\u2013Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann\u2013Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple post-hoc and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a reduction in the burning sensation and improvement in the mouth opening in all three groups. The reduction in the burning sensation was statistically significant among all the groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) and the NRS scores after 3 months among the three groups were not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) in the improvement of mouth opening between Group A and B; A and C; but not between B and C.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Tulsi paste showed a significant reduction in the burning sensation and improvement of the mouth opening thereby proving to be a safe and promising medicament for OSMF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_929_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T07:01:35Z","timestamp":1665644495000},"page":"146-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of Topical Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Paste for the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis \u2013 A Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Deepti","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zameera","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh S","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namratha","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Bagewadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.137772","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis and its dermatological relation","volume":"5","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"R2-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.146563","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the role of tulsi and turmeric in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot, prospective observational study","volume":"6","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ayurveda Integr Med"},{"key":"R3-8-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oral sub mucous fibrosis: Review on mechanisms of pathogenesis and malignant transformation","volume":"S5","author":"Ekanayaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Carcinog Mutagen"},{"key":"R4-8-20240828","first-page":"84","article-title":"Estimation of serum connective tissue growth factor in oral submucous fibrosis patients and its clinico-pathologic correlation","volume":"7","author":"Patil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health"},{"key":"R5-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-150742327","article-title":"Frequency and clinical presentation of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Nooni","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"R6-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13728","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2015\/1959","article-title":"Recent concepts of etiopathogenesis and management of oral submucous fibrosis: A review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R7-8-20240828","first-page":"240","article-title":"Steroids in dentistry-A review","volume":"22","author":"Sambandam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res"},{"key":"R8-8-20240828","first-page":"213","article-title":"An industrial cultivation of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) for medicinal use and rural empowerment","volume":"4","author":"Chandra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Plants Stud"},{"key":"R9-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-1053335","article-title":"Treatment options for oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Balabaskaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01209.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods of oral submucous fibrosis: A 10-years experience with 150 cases","volume":"24","author":"Lai","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R11-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.65323","article-title":"Ocimum sanctum Linn. A reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: An overview","volume":"4","author":"Pattanayak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"key":"R12-8-20240828","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the role of tulsi and turmeric in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot, prospective observational study","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Pharm Res"},{"key":"R13-8-20240828","first-page":"48","article-title":"Efficacy and safety assessment of oxitard, a herbal antioxidant in oral submucous fibrosis- An observational clinical study","volume":"3","author":"Shwetha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res Pharm"},{"key":"R14-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2013.10.005","article-title":"Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among habitual gutkha and areca nut chewers in Moradabad district","volume":"4","author":"Nigam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R15-8-20240828","first-page":"30","article-title":"Assessment of utility of tulsi and turmeric in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: A clinical study","volume":"3","author":"Virani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dent Res"},{"key":"R16-8-20240828","first-page":"343","article-title":"Efficacy of curcumin gel and tulsi gel in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Rizvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"R17-8-20240828","first-page":"31","article-title":"Efficacy of turmeric and tulsi in management of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Khabiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent Orofac Res"},{"key":"R18-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20174644","article-title":"Tulasi a magical herb and a boon for management of oral submucous fibrosis: A clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Madhulatha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"R19-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-1363.144998","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of turmeric in management of oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"26","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"key":"R20-8-20240828","first-page":"21","article-title":"Tulsi-a promising herb in dentistry","volume":"1","author":"Chaurasia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R21-8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.70800","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) extract against Streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study","volume":"21","author":"Agarwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_929_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:11:17Z","timestamp":1787757077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_929_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_929_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}