{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:04:08Z","timestamp":1787169848986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, debilitating, immune-mediated disease whose management is considered a challenge in medical science.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantitatively evaluate the effect of administration of enteral hydroxychloroquine (HCQS) as a monotherapy for six months on the extent and severity of erosive OLP using reticular score, erythema score and ulcerative score (REU score), and to subjectively evaluate the success of HCQS as a therapeutic drug for OLP-e using Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale, visual analogue scale (VAS) and severity of burning sensation (BURN score).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective clinical trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 45 subjects received 200 mg of HCQS bid for six months. REU, VAS, BURN scores and Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale readings were taken at the beginning of the study (baseline) and three- and six-month intervals post administration of enteral HCQS. Subjects were examined for any adverse drug outcomes for one year after the cessation of enteric HCQS therapy. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a stark reduction in REU, VAS and BURN scores during the study period, with a statistically significant reduction (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) seen at three- and six-month time intervals as compared to baseline. Further, the mean of change in R, E and U scores showed a statistically significant difference, with the highest reduction seen at baseline to six-month time interval. The Tel Aviv-San Francisco Scale showed 70%\u2013100% remission in disease in more than 70% of subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enteral HCQS can be considered a viable treatment option for the enigma that is erosive OLP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_943_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1637577741000},"page":"192-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hydroxychloroquine- A New Treatment Option for Erosive Oral Lichen Planus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Subash Chandra","family":"Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debajani","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokanath","family":"Garhnayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annuroopa","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Patnaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheda","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayant Kumar","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(86)90422-6","article-title":"Leukoplakia, lichen planus, and other oral keratoses in 23,616 white Americans over the age of 35 years","volume":"61","author":"Bouquot","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R2-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411980090010501","article-title":"Update on oral lichen planus: Etiopathogenesis and management","volume":"9","author":"Scully","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R3-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S1085-5629(97)80018-1","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis","volume":"16","author":"Eversole","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"R4-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.89","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions: Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management and malignant transformation","volume":"49","author":"Ismail","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R5-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1","article-title":"Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions","volume":"4","author":"Armitage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"R6-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742826","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: A comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"2014","author":"Gorouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"R7-11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.077","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an International consensus meeting. 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