{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:11:41Z","timestamp":1790403101067,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the main reasons that patients seek orthodontic treatment is aesthetics. Unfortunately, treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances can at times increase the chances of developing white spot lesions on the surfaces of teeth, thus creating a new aesthetic issue for the patient. The prevalence of white spot lesions (WSL) reported after treatment varies from 2% to 97%, and these lesions can occur despite increased attention to hygiene. Hence the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Amine fluoride mouthwash in preventing white spot lesions during fixed orthodontic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study participants were randomly divided into two groups (Group A \u2013 experimental 25 patients and Group B \u2013 control 25 patients). The pre-intervention and post-intervention intra-oral digital photographs were analysed by using ImageJ software to assess the percentage of the facial surface affected on the teeth (10 maxillary teeth), which had white spot lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean value of WSLs showed significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Mean values of WSL in the experimental group decreased from 2 to 1.54 with a mean difference of 0.46 after 6 months of follow-up which indicated that amine fluoride mouthwash was effective in preventing WSLs during fixed orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WSLs scores were significantly reduced in patients who received the mouthwash when compared to patients who followed standard oral hygiene regimen with fluoridated toothpaste only. In clinical practice, amine fluoride mouthwash is an effective method for the prevention of WSLs during fixed orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_984_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T07:01:38Z","timestamp":1704351698000},"page":"261-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effectiveness of Amine Fluoride Mouthwash in Preventing White Spot Lesions during Fixed Orthodontic Therapy - A Randomized Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"K. R.","family":"Ravi Kiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharanya","family":"Sabrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silju","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashantha G.","family":"Shivamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Sagarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.09.007","article-title":"Effectiveness of MI paste plus and PreviDent fluoride varnish for treatment of white spot lesions:A randomized controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.16125","article-title":"Microbial community succession on developing lesions on human enamel","volume":"4","author":"Torlakovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90032-X","article-title":"Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding","volume":"81","author":"Gorelick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.115081","article-title":"Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics","volume":"2","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2008.03.003","article-title":"White spot lesions during orthodontic treatment:Mechanisms and fluoride preventive aspects","volume":"14","author":"\u00d8gaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1971.tb02008.x","article-title":"Caries incidence and orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances","volume":"79","author":"Zachrisson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90293-9","article-title":"Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances:An in vivo study","volume":"92","author":"O'Reilly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0352","article-title":"Maintaining the integrity of the enamel surface:The role of dental biofilm, saliva and preventive agents in enamel demineralization and remineralization","volume":"139","author":"Garc\u00eda-Godoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.114644","article-title":"Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients","volume":"120","author":"\u00d8gaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt096","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-fluoride toothpaste on enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment - A multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Sonesson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70112-N","article-title":"Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing","volume":"101","author":"Geiger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1159\/000107932","article-title":"Caries-preventive effectiveness of a fluoride varnish:A randomized controlled trial in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"41","author":"Stecks\u00e9n-Blicks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"CD003809","article-title":"Fluorides for the prevention of white spots on teeth during fixed brace treatment","author":"Benson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12013","article-title":"A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics","volume":"25","author":"Heymann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S107624","article-title":"Demineralization\u2013remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone","volume":"11","author":"Neel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.10.019","article-title":"Risk factors for incidence and severity of white spot lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"138","author":"Chapman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_984_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:59:43Z","timestamp":1787763583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_984_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_984_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9290","1998-3603"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9290","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3603","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}