{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:55:37Z","timestamp":1791053737788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency and type-1 diabetes (T1D) have a bidirectional cause\u2013effect relationship. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indian children and young adults with T1D and assess the relationship between vitamin D status and their bone health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n It was a single-centre, cross-sectional study. Inclusion: Children, young adults aged 5\u201325 years with T1D duration >1 year. Exclusion: Already on vitamin D supplementation, conditions affecting bone health. Data collected: Demographic, clinical, anthropometry, biochemical, body composition, DXA, pQCT measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 453 participants (251 girls) with T1D, mean age = 13.5 \u00b1 4.0 years, disease duration = 5.7 \u00b1 3.9 years. Mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration of study group was 20.4 \u00b1 11.3 ng\/mL. One hundred and eleven (24.5%) were deficient in 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 141 (31.1%) were insufficient and 201 (44.4%) were sufficient. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D concentrations had significant negative correlation with BMI\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n -score, diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n -score and positive correlation with physical activity, haemoglobin concentrations and trabecular density (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was significantly lower in subjects with good\/intermediate glycaemic control versus poor control (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008). Higher diastolic blood pressure and female gender were significant risk factors for development of vitamin D deficiency.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Vitamin D deficiency has high prevalence in children and youth with T1D and has detrimental effect on bone geometry of these subjects. Weight reduction increased outdoor physical activity, good glycemic control are some modifiable factors that may prove useful in preventing vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_141_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T02:02:31Z","timestamp":1718071351000},"page":"405-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of Vitamin D Status, its Determinants and Relationship with Bone Health in Indian Children and Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shruti","family":"Mondkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirantap","family":"Oza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimisha","family":"Dange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Soren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Kajale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayur","family":"Kardile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Yewale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Gondhalekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaman","family":"Khadilkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Khadilkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Paediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","first-page":"567","volume":"54","author":"Khadilkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prevention and treatment of Vitamin D and calcium deficiency in children and adolescents: Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Guidelines. Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21279-0","article-title":"Vitamin D status and determinants in Indian children and adolescents: A multicentre study","volume":"12","author":"Khadilkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011793591653","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency and diabetes risks","volume":"12","author":"Boucher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/982129","article-title":"Bone health in type 1 diabetes: Where we are now and how we should proceed","volume":"2014","author":"Zhukouskaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Endocrinol"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.25259\/JPED_11_2022","article-title":"Bone health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Khadilkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.050","article-title":"Bone status of Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"82","author":"Parthasarathy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115074","article-title":"Muscle and bone parameters in underprivileged Indian children and adolescents with T1DM","volume":"130","author":"Dongare-Bhor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.126565","article-title":"Arterial stiffness in obese children: Role of adiposity and physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Pandit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401316999200901111128","article-title":"Trends in nutrient intakes of Indian adults: Computerized Diet Analysis (CDiet) of cross-sectional surveys between 1998 and 2015","volume":"17","author":"Chiplonkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Food Sci"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.159028","article-title":"Revised Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2015 growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5-18-year-old Indian children","volume":"19","author":"Khadilkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.1.15","article-title":"Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints","volume":"36","author":"Warnick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R13-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.05.025","article-title":"Glycemic control in youth with diabetes: The SEARCH for diabetes in Youth Study","volume":"155","author":"Petitti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1201-4","article-title":"Reference centile curves for body fat percentage, fat-free mass, muscle mass and bone mass measured by bioelectrical impedance in Asian Indian children and adolescents","volume":"54","author":"Chiplonkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2935","article-title":"Amalgamated reference data for size-adjusted bone densitometry measurements in 3598 children and young adults-the ALPHABET study","volume":"32","author":"Crabtree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Res"},{"key":"R16-20240828","first-page":"119","article-title":"Peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the distal radius in young subjects - new reference data and interpretation of results","volume":"5","author":"Rauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"R17-20240828","first-page":"217","article-title":"Peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the proximal radius in young subjects - New reference data and interpretation of results","volume":"8","author":"Rauch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0342","article-title":"No difference in vitamin D levels between children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings: A 13-year nationwide Danish study","volume":"36","author":"Thorsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12340","article-title":"Vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) is not worse than in youth without diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460903527348","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D status in healthy children and adolescents living in Tehran and its relation to iPTH, gender, weight and height","volume":"37","author":"Razzaghy-Azar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-008-0071-6","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy children","volume":"46","author":"Bener","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500937","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients: Results from meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"R24-20240828","first-page":"750","article-title":"Vitamin D level and gene polymorphisms in Korean children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Nam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.25259\/JPED_1_2022","article-title":"Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional case\u2013control study","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"R26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.05.034","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and mild to moderate anemia in young North Indian children: A secondary data analysis","volume":"57","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"R27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000199","article-title":"Vitamin D and anemia: Insights into an emerging association","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"R28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2022-0327","article-title":"Triple burden of malnutrition and role of anaemia in the development of complications associated with type 1 diabetes in Indian children and youth","volume":"35","author":"Antani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01584-x","article-title":"Vitamin D status and blood pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"10","author":"Abboud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"R30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_85_19","article-title":"Association of Vitamin D levels with blood pressure changes and mean arterial pressure in prediabetics","volume":"3","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Biotechnol Res J"},{"key":"R31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i7.896","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: A review of the role of Vitamin D in mediating susceptibility and outcome","volume":"6","author":"Strange","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"R32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1754","article-title":"Associations between concentrations of vitamin D and concentrations of insulin, glucose, and HbA1c among adolescents in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Ford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R33-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0162554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162554","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and glycemic status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Savastio","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R34-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000521627","article-title":"Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on bone health in children","volume":"95","author":"Janner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_141_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:05:39Z","timestamp":1787843139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_141_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_141_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}