{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:57Z","timestamp":1787840457742,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Parietal cell antibody (PCA)-mediated auto-immune gastritis is known to increase the risk of iron-deficiency and pernicious anaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes, these data are scarce. We aimed to study the prevalence of parietal cell antibodies (PCAs) and its clinical associations in people with type 1 diabetes with onset below 30 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n In a cross-sectional study, 224 children and young adults with type 1 diabetes and 171 healthy controls were enrolled. We measured haemoglobin, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, PCA, thyroid peroxidase, and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in all patients. Mann\u2013Whitney U test for continuous data and Chi square test for categorical data were used. Linear regression analysis was performed with haemoglobin as a dependent variable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of PCA was significantly higher in patients than in controls (22% vs 10.2%;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002). Patients with PCA had a higher frequency of anaemia (60% vs 30%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), lower haemoglobin [7.3 (1.6) vs 7.8 (1.1) mmol\/L;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002], and lower serum ferritin [46.9 (70.8) pmol\/L vs 66.0 (105.3) pmol\/L;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04], as compared to those without PCA. On multivariate analysis, haemoglobin was associated with PCA (\u03b2 = -0.174,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005) and serum ferritin (\u03b2 =0.247,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Presence of PCA was an independent risk factor for iron deficiency and anaemia in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_176_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T09:01:04Z","timestamp":1731056464000},"page":"536-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Parietal Cell Antibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications for Iron Deficiency: A Tertiary Centre Experience from North India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Khurshid A.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eesh","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijayalakshmi","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhnath","family":"Sudhanshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051004","article-title":"Immunological heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes:Presence of distinct autoantibody patterns in patients with acute onset and slowly progressive disease","volume":"41","author":"Seissler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R2-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705894104","article-title":"The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 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