{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:48:20Z","timestamp":1788306500601,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 and study its association with disease severity in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to dedicated COVID hospital were recruited over 3 months period. Those with pre-existing thyroid disease were excluded. The thyroid function tests were performed and correlated with interleukin-6 levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 164 patients (14 children) with mean(SD) age 53.85 (19.54) years were recruited. The proportion of patients with mild, moderate and severe disease were 22 (13.4%), 78 (47.6%) and 64 (39.0%), respectively, among which 12 (54.5%), 56 (71.8%) and 43 (67.2%) patients had thyroid dysfunction, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.309. Eighty eight (53.7%) had sick euthyroid (84 had low fT3 only), 14 had overt hypothyroidism and 9 had thyroiditis. Median (IQR) levels of serum fT3 showed significant decline from mild category [4.54 (3.81, 5.27)], to moderate [3.95 (3.67, 4.24)] and severe category [3.56 (3.22, 3.89)];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011. Low fT3 had significant risk [odds ratio (95% CI)] of death [2.634 (1.01, 6.87);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031] and elevated IL-6 [2.575 (1.084, 6.118);\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sick euthyroid was seen in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID. Low fT3 was associated with death and increased inflammation, suggesting poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_195_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1634782179000},"page":"198-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aashima","family":"Dabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binita","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urmila","family":"Jhamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0201","article-title":"Non-thyroidal illness in the ICU:A syndrome with different faces","volume":"24","author":"Van den Berghe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00225-9","article-title":"Thyroid function in critically ill patients","volume":"3","author":"Fliers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0412","article-title":"Mechanisms behind the non-thyroidal illness syndrome:An update","volume":"205","author":"Warner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11756","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011756","article-title":"Relationship between disease severity and thyroid function in Chinese patients with euthyroid sick syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00662-x","article-title":"Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.044","article-title":"Thyroid disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection","volume":"14","author":"Hariyanto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0273-9","article-title":"National Early Warning Score (NEWS) as an emergency department predictor of disease severity and 90-day survival in the acutely dyspneic patient-A prospective observational study","volume":"24","author":"Bilben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0237130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237130","article-title":"Clinical, radiological, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Shabrawishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e926","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa813","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction in relation to immune profile, disease status, and outcome in 191 patients with COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Lui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_779_20","article-title":"Thyroid function test in COVID-19 Patients:A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"24","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa119","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in 55 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who were asymptomatic at hospital admission in Shenzhen, China","volume":"221","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.06.011","article-title":"Pathology of the thyroid in severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111097","article-title":"Thyroid dysfunction may be associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19","volume":"521","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22271","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22271","article-title":"Low T3 syndrome is a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6329548","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6329548","article-title":"Prognostic value of thyroid hormone fT3 in general patients admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"2020","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2019.05.020","article-title":"Thyroid Hormone (Triiodothyronine) therapy in children after congenital heart surgery:A meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Flores","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666191119112950","article-title":"Congestive heart failure and thyroid dysfunction:The role of the low T3 syndrome and therapeutic aspects","volume":"20","author":"Lisco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/trp.trp_28_20","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 and thyroid disease:Position statement of the Indian Thyroid Society","volume":"17","author":"Rajput","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thyroid Res Pract"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1583280","article-title":"Thyroid hormone in the pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"5","author":"Radman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Intensive Care"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0335","article-title":"Thyrotoxicosis in patients with COVID-19:The THYRCOV study","volume":"183","author":"Lania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30266-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322239989","article-title":"The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease","volume":"13","author":"Pearce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"-20240828","first-page":"4680","article-title":"Expression level and clinical significance of IL-2, IL-6 and TGF-b in elderly patients with goiter and hyperthyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.04.061","article-title":"Mild versus severe COVID-19:Laboratory markers","volume":"95","author":"Velavan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_195_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:08:56Z","timestamp":1787166536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_195_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_195_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-9500","2230-8210"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-9500","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-8210","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}