{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:36:53Z","timestamp":1787071013597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n The presentation of macroprolactinomas and response to treatment may vary according to age, sex and tumour characteristics. To analyse clinical phenotype, biochemical and radiological characteristics of macroprolactinomas presenting to a tertiary care centre. A retrospective observational study from January 2018 to December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty diagnosed cases (18 females, 12 males) of macroprolactinomas were included and followed up for one year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The most common presentation was headache (73%), visual disturbances (50%), galactorrhoea (33.3%) and loss of libido (26.6%) along with menstrual cycle disturbances (94%), and infertility (55%) in females. Duration of symptoms (2.22 \u00b1 2.87 vs 4.61 \u00b1 3.4 years), tumour size (4.8 \u00b1 2.09 vs 2.75 \u00b1 1.24 cm) and prolactin levels (5153.5 \u00b1 4755.3 vs 1803.5 \u00b1 3785.5 ng\/ml) were different significantly between males and females. Good response to medical therapy was observed in 84% of the treatment-naive patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Macroprolactinomas in males present with shorter duration of symptoms, larger size, higher prolactin levels and more resistant tumours, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management. Medical therapy remains the treatment of choice irrespective of gender.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_283_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:59:33Z","timestamp":1719489573000},"page":"268-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Macroprolactinomas and Response to Medical Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma K.","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhamoni","family":"Baro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: A community-based, cross-sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK)","volume":"72","author":"Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R3-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcs240","article-title":"Macroprolactinoma: A diagnostic and therapeutic update","volume":"106","author":"Iglesias","year":"2013","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-15-0105","article-title":"Gender differences in macroprolactinomas: A single centre experience","volume":"5","author":"Khare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"R5-20240830","first-page":"610","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: A magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings","volume":"33","author":"Knosp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5256","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.8054","article-title":"Resistance to cabergoline as compared with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia: Prevalence, clinical definition, and therapeutic strategy","volume":"86","author":"Di","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R7-20240830","first-page":"2102","article-title":"Sex-related difference in the growth of prolactinomas: A clinical and proliferation marker study","volume":"82","author":"Delgrange","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-005-5084-3","article-title":"PRL secreting adenomas in male patients","volume":"8","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(03)00012-0","article-title":"Growth potential of prolactinomas in men: Is it really different from women?","volume":"59","author":"Nishioka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Melmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0012","article-title":"Characterization of resistance to the prolactin-lowering effects of cabergoline in macroprolactinomas: A study in 122 patients","volume":"160","author":"Delgrange","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1480325","article-title":"Gender differences in the prevalence, clinical features and response to cabergoline in hyperprolactinemia","volume":"148","author":"Colao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0236","article-title":"Prolactinomas resistant to standard doses of cabergoline: A multicenter study of 92 patients","volume":"167","author":"Vroonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_283_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:40:21Z","timestamp":1787067621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_283_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_283_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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