{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:46:21Z","timestamp":1792374381043,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the different polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes based on their clinical, metabolic, hormonal profile, and their differential response to clomiphene.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Infertility clinic, a government hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Sample Size:<\/jats:title>\n 164 women with PCOS-related infertility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Sample population was divided into four phenotypes based on the NIH (National Institute of Health) consensus panel criteria. The incremental dose of clomiphene from 50 to 150 mg\/day over three cycles was given.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome Measures:<\/jats:title>\n Clinical history, metabolic, hormonal profile, and ultrasound features of each phenotype. Also, the response to clomiphene citrate was studied as presence or absence of ovulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of phenotypes A, B, C, and D were 67.7%, 11%, 17.7%, and 3.6%, respectively. Phenotype A had significantly higher weight, body mass index, clinical, and biochemical hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, ovarian reserve parameters, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and more deranged lipid profile (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Clomiphene resistance was significantly more common in phenotype A (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in the waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure and blood sugar values (fasting, 1-hour postprandial, 2-hour postprandial). Also, the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), LH-FSH ratio, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and vitamin D levels were not significantly different among various PCOS phenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Full-blown PCOS (phenotype A) is at a higher risk of adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes as compared with the others, and phenotype D is the least severe phenotype. Thus, the phenotypic division of patients with PCOS-related infertility can help in prognosticating the patients about the severity of the disease and the fertility outcome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_30_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T06:58:27Z","timestamp":1564383507000},"page":"326-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Comparison of the Different PCOS Phenotypes Based on Clinical Metabolic, and Hormonal Profile, and their Response to Clomiphene"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Garima","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Gainder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanita","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des232","article-title":"Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria","volume":"27","author":"Yildiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"R2-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Rotterdam EA-SPCWG. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R3-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099252","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher among non-obese PCOS women with hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularity in Korea","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R4-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034","article-title":"Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: An update on mechanisms and implications","volume":"33","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R5-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1360","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: Results from a long-term prospective study","volume":"61","author":"Gambineri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R6-20260327","first-page":"39","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: Towards a rational approach","author":"Zawadzski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndr"},{"key":"R7-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401335","article-title":"Elevated serum androstenedione is associated with a more severe phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"13","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"R8-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","article-title":"Task Force on the Phenotype of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome of The Androgen E, Society P. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: The complete task force report","volume":"91","author":"Azziz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R9-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","article-title":"Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Lizneva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R10-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.139","article-title":"Body fat distribution and noncommunicable diseases in populations: Overview of the 2008 WHO expert consultation on waist circumference and waist-hip ratio","volume":"64","author":"Nishida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"R11-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2243","article-title":"Ferriman gallwey self-scoring I: Performance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Wild","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R12-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.012","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"34","author":"Whitaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R13-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report","volume":"106","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R14-20260327","first-page":"S460","article-title":"A simple way to identify insulin resistance in non-diabetic acute coronary syndrome patients with impaired fasting glucose","volume":"16","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R15-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.070","article-title":"Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment","volume":"83","author":"DeUgarte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"R16-20260327","first-page":"569862","article-title":"Phenotype and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome","author":"Gluszak","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Endocrinol"},{"key":"R17-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701536246","article-title":"Characteristics of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in a Bulgarian population","volume":"23","author":"Pehlivanov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R18-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02347.x","article-title":"Characteristics of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on the Rotterdam criteria in a large-scale Chinese population","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R19-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00623.x","article-title":"Development of polycystic ovary syndrome: Involvement of genetic and environmental factors","volume":"29","author":"Franks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"R20-20260327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380269","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223308-201923030-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:28:15Z","timestamp":1786735695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223308-201923030-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_30_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}