{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:24:27Z","timestamp":1787775867310,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Thyroid eye disease (TED) can be classified into an active phase with rapid progression and an inactive phase with symptom stabilization. Recent studies found a higher choroidal thickness in patients with active TED. Less is known about the effect of disease on the retina. More extensive study is warranted for generalizing the role of choroidal thickness as a biomarker for disease severity. The study aims to investigate the correlation between the subfoveal choroidal and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cp RNFL) thickness with the severity of the disease. TED.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary hospital in Central Kerala. A total of 16 participants with TED were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Based on the CAS score, participants were divided into active and inactive TED groups. Visual acuity, colour vision, and contrast sensitivity were measured. SD-OCT was used to measure choroidal and RNFL thickness. Karl Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between choroidal thickness and RNFL thickness with CAS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The difference in the choroidal thickness between the active and inactive groups was statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between the CAS and choroidal thickness (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). The difference in the RNFL thickness and different functions of vision between active and inactive groups was statistically insignificant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In conclusion, our study states that different phases of TED can have a profound effect on choroid.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_354_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T12:01:53Z","timestamp":1745928113000},"page":"184-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["To Quantitatively Assess and Compare Choroidal and RNFL Thickness in Patients with Active and Inactive Thyroid Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Anargha A.","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann J.","family":"Kochuthresiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathews G.","family":"Vadath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Chacko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arya R.","family":"Nedumgattil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_3217_21","article-title":"Update on thyroid eye disease: Regional variations in prevalence, diagnosis, and management","volume":"70","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01453-w","article-title":"The changes of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layer with different severity of thyroid eye disease","volume":"36","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R4-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.2331047.x","article-title":"Clinical activity score as a guide in the management of patients with Graves'ophthalmopathy","volume":"47","author":"Mourits","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R5-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600509","article-title":"Disease activity in Graves'ophthalmopathy: Diagnosis with orbital MR imaging and correlation with clinical score","volume":"26","author":"Tortora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"R7-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid","volume":"29","author":"Nickla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R8-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.12.001","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography: Imaging of the choroid and beyond","volume":"58","author":"Mrejen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2020.1846761","article-title":"Retinal vascularity, nerve fiber, and ganglion cell layer thickness in thyroid eye disease on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"41","author":"Dave","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"R12-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.83612","article-title":"Bilateral versus unilateral thyroid eye disease","volume":"59","author":"Kashkouli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R13-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1198488","article-title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with graves'ophthalmopathy","volume":"42","author":"\u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"R14-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20190019","article-title":"Comparison of choroidal thickness in patients with active and stable thyroid eye disease","volume":"82","author":"Gul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"R15-20250429","first-page":"477","article-title":"The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"92","author":"Bartley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"R16-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.93","article-title":"Choroidal changes observed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with mild Graves orbitopathy","volume":"30","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R17-20250429","first-page":"1634","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness profile in thyroid ophthalmopathy without optic nerve dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Mugdha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20250429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9452687","article-title":"Optic disc, macula, and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements obtained by OCT in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"2016","author":"Say\u0131n","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R19-20250429","first-page":"277","article-title":"Retina and nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"19","author":"Blum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_354_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:44:05Z","timestamp":1787773445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_354_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_354_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}