{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:15Z","timestamp":1786653555632,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4\/CD26) in chronic liver disease (CLD) remains incompletely understood, particularly its interaction with immune cells. This study investigates the association between DPP-4 gene expression and T-cell subset marker genes in CLD patients, aiming to elucidate potential immunological mechanisms underlying disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 130 individuals were enrolled across four groups: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 46), non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NAC;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23), alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 21), and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40). Peripheral blood samples were analysed for biochemical parameters and DPP-4 activity. Gene expression profiling was conducted in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to assess DPP-4 and T-cell marker genes (TBX21, RORC, GATA3, FOXP3, and CD3D).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DPP-4 expression was elevated in all CLD subgroups, reaching statistical significance in NAFLD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0142). The Th1 marker TBX21 showed increased expression, significantly in NAC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0091), and demonstrated a strong correlation with DPP-4 in non-alcoholic CLD. The Th17 marker RORC was significantly elevated in NAFLD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.016), whereas the Th2 marker GATA3 and the Treg marker FOXP3 were significantly reduced (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0049 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0028, respectively), with FOXP3 showing a negative correlation with DPP-4 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.588). CD3D expression correlated with DPP-4 in ALC patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest disrupted regulatory coordination rather than uniform Treg suppression across CLD subgroups. NAFLD exhibited partial Th17 polarisation, whereas NAC may reflect Th17 exhaustion. DPP-4 appears to be associated with Th1 responses and may contribute to liver injury in NAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_397_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:00:06Z","timestamp":1777568406000},"page":"135-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlation between DPP-4 Gene Expression and T-Cell Subset Marker Genes in Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Eastern India: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bikramjit","family":"Barkondaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Diamond Harbor Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satinath","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InBOL Healthcare Educational Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipyaman","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Ashoka University, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, ESI-PGIMSR, ESIC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiranjit","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23567","article-title":"Nonobese population in a developing country has a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and significant liver disease","volume":"51","author":"Das","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R2-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(03)00160-6","article-title":"Structural basis of proline-specific exopeptidase activity as observed in human dipeptidyl peptidase IV","volume":"11","author":"Thoma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"R3-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.01.004","article-title":"The biology of incretin hormones","volume":"3","author":"Drucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"R4-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1749-8","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia increases dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Mannucci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"R5-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1338","article-title":"Diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and liver steatosis are prevented by DPP-4 inhibition in diabetic mice","volume":"60","author":"Shirakawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R6-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0496","article-title":"Adipose dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and obesity: Correlation with insulin resistance and depot-specific release from adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro","volume":"36","author":"Sell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"R7-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066520","article-title":"Soluble CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enhances the transcription of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in THP-1 cells and monocytes","volume":"8","author":"Ikeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R8-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496453","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/496453","article-title":"The effectiveness of liraglutide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to sitagliptin and pioglitazone","volume":"2012","author":"Ohki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci World J."},{"key":"R9-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X11403809","article-title":"The role of insulin-sensitizing agents in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Van Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R10-20260430","first-page":"240","article-title":"Effects of sitagliptin in diabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"75","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"R11-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.09.004","article-title":"KLK5 induces shedding of DPP-4 from circulatory Th17 cells in type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Nargis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"R12-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04471.x","article-title":"Interleukin-17 exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"166","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"R13-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(74)90109-4","article-title":"Single-step separation of red blood cells, granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes on discontinuous density gradients of Ficoll-Hypaque","volume":"5","author":"English","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"R14-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"R15-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12464-3","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics of human T cells reveals tissue and activation signatures in health and disease","volume":"10","author":"Szabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R16-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g4596","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4596","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"349","author":"Sattar","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"R17-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_139_22","article-title":"An observational study showing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity and gene expression variation in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients from a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India","volume":"26","author":"Barkondaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Endocr Metab"},{"key":"R18-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01392-5","article-title":"Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is independently associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD\/NASH in individuals with and without obesity and metabolic disease","volume":"44","author":"Barchetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"R19-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab078","article-title":"DPP4 activity, hyperinsulinemia, and atherosclerosis","volume":"106","author":"Love","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R20-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949603","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.949603","article-title":"Fine-tuning of regulatory T cells is indispensable for the metabolic steatosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A review","volume":"10","author":"Riaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_397_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:12Z","timestamp":1786649952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_397_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_397_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}