{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:29:10Z","timestamp":1786728550920,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective longitudinal study aims to evaluate and compare the incidence of prediabetes\/diabetes among women stratified at the baseline postpartum visit according to the prior GDM and NAFLD status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 309 women with baseline postpartum assessment at a median of 16 months following the index delivery, 200 (64.7%) [GDM: 137 (68.5%), normoglycaemia: 63 (31.5%)] were available for the follow-up analysis (performed at median of 54 months following the index delivery) and were participants for this study. We obtained relevant demographic, medical and obstetric details and performed a 75 g OGTT with glucose estimation at 0 and 120 min. NAFLD status was defined by ultrasonography at the baseline visit. Participants were divided into four groups: no NAFLD and no prior GDM (group 1), NAFLD but no prior GDM (group 2), prior GDM but no NAFLD (group 3), and NAFLD and prior GDM (group 4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of study participants (n = 200) was 32.2 \u00b1 5.1 years, and the mean interval between the two visits was 34.8 \u00b1 5.5 months. A total of 74 (37%) women had progression to prediabetes\/diabetes [incidence rate of 12.8\/100 woman-years]. The incidence rates (per 100 woman-years) were 8.6, 8.9, 13.4 and 15.3 in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for incident (new-onset) prediabetes\/diabetes in group 4 (reference: group 1) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.80, 4.96,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.140). Among women with baseline NAFLD (irrespective of GDM status), the risk of incident prediabetes\/diabetes increased with an increase in the duration of follow-up (3.03-fold higher per year of follow-up,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029) and was significantly higher in women who were not employed (6.43, 95% CI 1.74, 23.7,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) and in women with GDM requiring insulin\/metformin during pregnancy (4.46, 95% CI 1.27, 15.64,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAFLD and GDM increased the risk for glycaemic deterioration in young Indian women. Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioural interventions in such high-risk women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_60_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:48:03Z","timestamp":1693194483000},"page":"319-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence of Prediabetes\/Diabetes among Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yashdeep","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suraj","family":"Kubihal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Shalimar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devasenathipathy","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpesh","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mani","family":"Kalaivani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183415","article-title":"NAFLD and extra-hepatic comorbidities:Current evidence on a multi-organ metabolic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Rosato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public 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