{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:40:16Z","timestamp":1786653616824,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment but are associated with agent-specific spectra of endocrine-related adverse events (irAEs). Data on prevalence of ICI-induced endocrinopathies in Indian populations remain limited. A study was conducted with an aim to determine the prevalence and spectrum of endocrinopathies resulting from ICI therapy in cancer patients at a tertiary care centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 100 adult cancer patients initiated on ICI therapy (anti-PD1 or PD-L1). Patients with pre-existing endocrinopathies or those diagnosed during baseline assessment were excluded. Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, and hormonal assessments were performed at baseline and during follow-up at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Endocrinopathies were diagnosed per standard criteria. Associations with demographic and clinical variables were analysed using Fisher\u2019s exact test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Endocrinopathies developed in 19% of participants during 12 months of follow-up. Primary hypothyroidism was most frequent (12%), followed by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (3%), diabetes mellitus (2%), primary adrenal insufficiency (1%), and primary hyperparathyroidism (1%). The median age of those affected was 52.6 years, with a male predominance. Endocrinopathies occurred more commonly with PD-1 inhibitors compared to PD-L1 inhibitors. Hypertension was significantly associated with endocrinopathy development (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.044). Most endocrinopathies presented within the first six months of ICI therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICI-induced endocrinopathies are prevalent among Indian cancer patients, with primary hypothyroidism being the most common. Early onset irAEs underscore the need for regular endocrine monitoring during and after ICI therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_825_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:00:06Z","timestamp":1777568406000},"page":"170-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Various Endocrinopathies Resulting from Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors \u2013 A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Alka","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, OP Jindal Institute of Cardiac and Cancer Research, Hisar, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Shekhawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Army Hospital Research and Referral, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Nachankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Sr Consultant Fd Hospital, Birpur, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R2-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0489","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy: Clinical challenges","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"R4-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00484-3","article-title":"Endocrine toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"17","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"R5-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.04.010","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinology disease state clinical review: Evaluation and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated endocrinopathies: A practical case-based clinical approach","volume":"28","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine Practice"},{"key":"R6-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0218-0","article-title":"Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: Epidemiology, management and surveillance","volume":"16","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R7-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.11.016","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: A comprehensive review","volume":"54","author":"Michot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"R8-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064","article-title":"Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barroso-Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"R9-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.205","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy - immune checkpoint blockade and associated endocrinopathies","volume":"13","author":"Byun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"R10-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0845","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis, a common adverse event of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody in melanoma","volume":"172","author":"Albarel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R11-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2021.01.002","article-title":"Review of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immuno-oncology","volume":"91","author":"Jacob","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"R12-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02355-9","article-title":"Mapping endocrine toxicity spectrum of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A disproportionality analysis using the WHO adverse drug reaction database, VigiBase","volume":"69","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R13-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.3064","article-title":"Incidence of endocrine dysfunction following the use of different immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Barroso-Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"R14-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.15.222","article-title":"Risk of endocrine complications in cancer patients treated with immune check point inhibitors: A meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"R15-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0754-2","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A real-world study leveraging US Food and Drug Administration adverse events reporting system","volume":"7","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R16-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13297","article-title":"Thyroid abnormalities following the use of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death receptor protein-1 inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma","volume":"86","author":"Morganstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R17-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyab043","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related new-onset thyroid dysfunction: A retrospective analysis using the US FDA adverse event reporting system","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Oncologist"},{"key":"R18-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0843-3366","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"51","author":"de Filette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"R19-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00448","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-induced thyroiditis: Comprehensive clinical review and insights into underlying involved mechanisms","volume":"102","author":"Delivanis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R20-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002435","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-002435","article-title":"Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events","volume":"9","author":"Brahmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R21-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002220","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-002220","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypogonadism and infertility: A neglected issue in immuno-oncology","volume":"9","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"R22-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14258","article-title":"Sustained remission of Lynch syndrome-associated metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma following checkpoint inhibitor therapy-associated multiorgan autoimmunity","volume":"93","author":"Nevgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"R23-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4075","article-title":"Endocrine side effects induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"98","author":"Corsello","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R24-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00006","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R25-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7503","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2661","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pituitary-adrenal dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"R26-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01151","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypoparathyroidism associated with calcium-sensing receptor-activating autoantibodies","volume":"104","author":"Piranavan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R27-20260430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.58","article-title":"Safety profiles of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies alone and in combination","volume":"13","author":"Boutros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_825_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:39:58Z","timestamp":1786649998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_825_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_825_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}