{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:23:35Z","timestamp":1787775815394,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a lifelong condition requiring intensive management; however, gender disparities persist in its care, particularly in conservative and resource-limited settings. This manuscript explores the impact of gender bias on the treatment and well-being of female patients with T1DM through three real-life case studies. The first case highlights the neglect of an eight-year-old girl with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), whose delayed treatment was influenced by gender-based devaluation. The second case emphasizes the emotional burden faced by a 16-year-old girl whose exemplary glycaemic control was overshadowed by concerns about marriageability. The third case illustrates the reproductive pressures imposed on a 32-year-old woman with T1DM, whose recurrent miscarriages were met with blame rather than medical support. These cases reveal systemic gender disparities in healthcare access, emotional support and societal attitudes toward women with T1DM. Addressing these challenges requires community education, integrated family counselling and multidisciplinary pre-conception care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_89_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:01:00Z","timestamp":1772204460000},"page":"107-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Disparities in the Care of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Myth or Reality?"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hiya","family":"Boro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Adhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-022-02023-6","article-title":"Gender gaps in type 1 diabetes care","volume":"60","author":"Bak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"R2-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.009","article-title":"Gender differences in diabetes self-care in adults with type 1 diabetes: Findings from the T1D Exchange clinic registry","volume":"32","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"R3-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105310396392","article-title":"Effects of gender, age, and diabetes duration on dietary self-care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A self-determination theory perspective","volume":"16","author":"Austin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"R4-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2230710","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30710","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease events in women vs men with type 1 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Braffett","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"R5-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.328899","article-title":"Applying a women's health lens to endocrine and metabolic disorders","volume":"25","author":"Sriram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R6-20260302","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in children: Fighting for a place under the sun","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R7-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.155378","article-title":"Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in India","volume":"19","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R8-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.155339","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes: Awareness, management and challenges: Current scenario in India","volume":"19","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R9-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_124_23","article-title":"Integrated care for type 1 diabetes: The West Bengal model","volume":"27","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R10-20260302","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patient empowerment in endocrinology","volume":"16","author":"Kalra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R11-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020374","article-title":"Menstrual cycle, glucose control and insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Gamarra","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"R12-20260302","first-page":"138","article-title":"Psychological problems in adolescents with diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Jaser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adolesc Med State Art Rev"},{"key":"R13-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-020-00352-6","article-title":"Psychological interventions for adherence, metabolic control, and coping with stress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Aljawarneh","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"R14-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12287","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12287","article-title":"A concept analysis of psychological distress in parents related to diabetes management in children and adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Arabiat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spec Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"R15-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_579_17","article-title":"Emotional and psychological needs of people with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Kalra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R16-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.05.008","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy","volume":"48","author":"McCance","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"R17-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e051121197761","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399818666211105124829","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy: A review of complications and management","volume":"18","author":"Jaffar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rev"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_89_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:42:55Z","timestamp":1787773375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_89_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_89_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2230-8210","2230-9500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2230-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2230-9500","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}