{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:19:45Z","timestamp":1787750385025,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Postprandial glucose excursions can contribute to increased cardiovascular risk, microvascular complications, and glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nutritional interventions play a major role. Whey protein, known for its insulinotropic and incretin-stimulating effects, could be an effective supplement. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute effects of pre-breakfast whey protein supplementation on postprandial glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and C-peptide responses in patients with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This single-centre, prospective, within-subject comparative study included two test visits per participant: a water pre-load (control) and a whey protein pre-load (30 g in 250 mL water) given 30 min before breakfast. Uniform breakfast and lunch meals were provided, and blood samples were collected up to 2 h after lunch. Plasma glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and C-peptide were recorded, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Ten patients with T2DM were studied (mean age 47.8 years, body mass index 29.2 kg\/m\u00b2, glycated haemoglobin 7.4%, disease duration 3.2 years). Compared with water, whey protein significantly reduced post-breakfast and post-lunch glucose excursions (glucose iAUC 48,329 vs. 54,743;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01) and increased insulin (13,377 vs. 9,492;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), GLP-1 (18,803 vs. 12,814;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01), and C-peptide (1860 vs. 1535;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01) iAUCs. The effect persisted through the second meal.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Pre-breakfast whey protein supplementation reduced postprandial glucose excursions and enhanced insulin and incretin responses in T2DM. It may serve as a practical and low-cost dietary approach to improve postprandial glycaemic control.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_994_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:01:53Z","timestamp":1782482513000},"page":"217-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Pre-breakfast Whey Protein Supplement on Post-breakfast Glycaemic Excursion and Insulinotropic Response in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sagar R.","family":"Barasara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yash V.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugal V.","family":"Gada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prudwiraj","family":"Sanamandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin S.","family":"Rahate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayashree J.","family":"Paranjape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil M.","family":"Bhagwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Bai Yamunabai Laxman Nair Charitable Hospital and Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260626","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. 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