{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:10:07Z","timestamp":1787724607288,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis comprises magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei that traffic arginine vasopressin (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AVP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and oxytocin (OXT) to the posterior pituitary for systemic release.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AVP<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the key endocrine determinant of water balance whereas OXT orchestrates parturition and lactation and shapes socio-emotional processing. AVP-D results from hypothalamic-posterior pituitary injury and presents with hypotonic polyuria, polydipsia, and vulnerability to dehydration when access to water is limited. The diagnostic task is to separate AVP-D from AVP-R and primary polydipsia. Copeptin-based stimulation tests have transformed this work-up by providing accurate readouts of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AVP<\/jats:italic>\n                    secretion. Treatment relies on individualized desmopressin with patient education to prevent hypernatremia and desmopressin-associated hyponatremia. OXT deficiency is only now entering clinical focus. It likely accompanies AVP-D in lesions affecting the hypothalamus\/posterior pituitary and may contribute to social dysfunction, anxiety, and reduced quality of life; however, validated diagnostic tools and definitive therapeutic data are still lacking.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_995_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:00:31Z","timestamp":1766152831000},"page":"603-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Deficiency: Diagnosis and Treatment \u2013 An Update"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Christ-Crain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University 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