{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:10:52Z","timestamp":1761156652568,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":858,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.ijmm_17_146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T04:26:00Z","timestamp":1552883160000},"page":"494-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characterization of In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Consensus Short Interference RNAs against Non-Structural 5B Gene of Hepatitis C Virus 1a Genotype"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Imran","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed Hassan","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munjed M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan Ahmad","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaia Saleh R.","family":"Almalki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad Ahmed","family":"Alkahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Alhaidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2014.970123","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection treatment: An era of game changer direct acting antivirals and novel treatment strategies","volume":"42","author":"Shahid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1645","article-title":"Replication of hepatitis C virus","volume":"5","author":"Moradpour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib3","series-title":"Hepatitis C Viruses: Genomes and Molecular Biology","article-title":"Biochemical activities of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","author":"Ranjith-Kumar","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08565.x","article-title":"Identification of four conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements","volume":"8","author":"Poch","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9225","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.18.9225-9231.2002","article-title":"Potent and specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by RNA interference","volume":"76","author":"Coburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00122-8","article-title":"Stable suppression of tumorigenicity by virus-mediated RNA interference","volume":"2","author":"Brummelkamp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.08.004","article-title":"RNAi as a new therapeutic strategy against HCV","volume":"28","author":"Khaliq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0887-6","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a by siRNAs targeting envelope genes","volume":"156","author":"Khaliq","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-318","article-title":"Inhibition of core gene of HCV 3a genotype using synthetic and vector derived siRNAs","volume":"7","author":"Khaliq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-13","article-title":"Consensus siRNA for inhibition of HCV genotype-4 replication","volume":"6","author":"Zekri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.862301","article-title":"RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs","volume":"15","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4836","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i16.2530","article-title":"HepG2 cells support viral replication and gene expression of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in vitro","volume":"12","author":"el-Awady","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2015.611053","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a non-structural proteins by small interference RNA in human hepatoma cell lines","volume":"6","author":"Shahid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol Pharm"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.067","article-title":"Aging of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons in the United States: A multiple cohort model of HCV prevalence and disease progression","volume":"138","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-11","article-title":"Development of persistent HCV genotype 3a infection cell culture model in huh-7 cell","volume":"9","author":"Asad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-203","article-title":"Inhibition of full length hepatitis C virus particles of 1a genotype through small interference RNA","volume":"8","author":"Ansar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/418244a","article-title":"RNA interference","volume":"418","author":"Hannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252783999","article-title":"Interference of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by short interfering RNAs","volume":"100","author":"Kapadia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.810-812.2003","article-title":"Small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in the human hepatoma cell line huh-7","volume":"77","author":"Seo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.05.003","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatitis C virus gene expression by small interfering RNAs using a tri-cistronic full-length viral replicon and a transient mouse model","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60001","article-title":"RNA interference effectively inhibits mRNA accumulation and protein expression of hepatitis C virus core and E2 genes in human cells","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosci Biotechnol Biochem"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-0556-9-12","article-title":"Establishment of stable huh-7 cell lines expressing various hepatitis C virus genotype 3a protein: An in vitro testing system for novel anti-HCV drugs","volume":"9","author":"Butt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genet Vaccines Ther"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01443-07","article-title":"Serum-derived hepatitis C virus infection of primary human hepatocytes is tetraspanin CD81 dependent","volume":"82","author":"Molina","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002660","article-title":"Direct infection and replication of naturally occurring hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in normal human hepatocyte cultures","volume":"3","author":"Buck","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060789","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus replication in transfected and serum-infected cultured human fetal hepatocytes","volume":"170","author":"L\u00e1zaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-229","article-title":"Claudin-1 required for HCV virus entry has high potential for phosphorylation and O-glycosylation","volume":"8","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i34.4321","article-title":"HCV genotype distribution and possible transmission risks in lahore, pakistan","volume":"16","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23138","article-title":"Experimental models for hepatitis C viral infection","volume":"50","author":"Boonstra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18202","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413410200","article-title":"Crystal structures of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genotype 2a of hepatitis C virus reveal two conformations and suggest mechanisms of inhibition by non-nucleoside inhibitors","volume":"280","author":"Biswal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.1268209","article-title":"Optimization of linear double-stranded RNA for the production of multiple siRNAs targeting hepatitis C virus","volume":"15","author":"Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/418038a","article-title":"RNA interference in adult mice","volume":"418","author":"McCaffrey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2005.04986.x","article-title":"Hairpin ribozymes in combination with siRNAs against highly conserved hepatitis C virus sequence inhibit RNA replication and protein translation from hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicons","volume":"272","author":"Jarczak","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0235524100","article-title":"Clearance of replicating hepatitis C virus replicon RNAs in cell culture by small interfering RNAs","volume":"100","author":"Randall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252758799","article-title":"RNA interference blocks gene expression and RNA synthesis from hepatitis C replicons propagated in human liver cells","volume":"100","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt068","article-title":"The anti-genomic (negative) strand of hepatitis C virus is not targetable by shRNA","volume":"41","author":"Lisowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-317","article-title":"NS4A protein as a marker of HCV history suggests that different HCV genotypes originally evolved from genotype 1b","volume":"8","author":"Sarwar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02386-13","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus genetic variability and the presence of NS5B resistance-associated mutations as natural polymorphisms in selected genotypes could affect the response to NS5B inhibitors","volume":"58","author":"Di Maio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.6.2057","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups","volume":"87","author":"Miller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.4.2046-2051.2000","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-encoded enzymatic activities and conserved RNA elements in the 3\u2019 nontranslated region are essential for virus replication in vivo","volume":"74","author":"Kolykhalov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-009-0470-3","article-title":"Combined antiviral activity of interferon-alpha and RNA interference directed against hepatitis C without affecting vector delivery and gene silencing","volume":"87","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085720305831?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085720305831?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:17:23Z","timestamp":1759346243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0255085720305831"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0255085720305831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmm.ijmm_17_146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0255-0857"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0255-0857"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Consensus Short Interference RNAs against Non-Structural 5B Gene of Hepatitis C Virus 1a Genotype","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2018 Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}