{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T19:55:55Z","timestamp":1794081355610,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.ijmm_20_300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T14:11:10Z","timestamp":1598623870000},"page":"176-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence, Toxin Gene Profile, Genotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Taisir","family":"Saber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousry A.","family":"Hawash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadiga A.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany S.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalaf F.","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad M.","family":"Eed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2164","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: New developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Rupnik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03910.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Korea","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408913","article-title":"Emerging burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the United States","volume":"372","author":"Lessa","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.25","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: Epidemiology, diagnosis and understanding transmission","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.10.009","article-title":"Virulence factors of Clostridium difficile and their role during infection","volume":"37","author":"Janoir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1403772","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"372","author":"Leffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.12.018","article-title":"Clostridium difficile infection: Evolution, phylogeny and molecular epidemiology","volume":"49","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00127-14","article-title":"Diversity and evolution in the genome of Clostridium difficile","volume":"28","author":"Knight","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.26854","article-title":"Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT: Mechanism, epidemiology, and potential clinical importance","volume":"5","author":"Gerding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.03.010","article-title":"European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases: Update of the diagnostic guidance document for Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"22","author":"Crobach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03487-13","article-title":"Sequence variation in tcdA and tcdB of Clostridium difficile: ST37 with truncated tcdA is a potential epidemic strain in China","volume":"52","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176797","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176797","article-title":"The emergence of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence and impact","volume":"12","author":"Borren","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20381","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.04.20381-en","article-title":"Current application and future perspectives of molecular typing methods to study Clostridium difficile infections","volume":"18","author":"Knetsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18834","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18834","article-title":"The first two Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027\/ST1 isolates identified in Beijing, China-an emerging problem or a neglected threat?","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.2.461-463.1999","article-title":"PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes","volume":"37","author":"Stubbs","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01898-16","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients in Eastern China","volume":"55","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2018.01.004","article-title":"Molecular characterization, toxin detection and resistance testing of human clinical Clostridium difficile isolates from Lebanon","volume":"308","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib18","first-page":"23","article-title":"Recent advances in the understanding of antibiotic resistance in Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"3","author":"Spigaglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.09.017","article-title":"Pan-European longitudinal surveillance of antibiotic resistance among prevalent Clostridium difficile ribotypes","volume":"21","author":"Freeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib20","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. 2013. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/threatreport-2013\/. [Last accessed on 2019 Oct 25]."},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.06.006","article-title":"A prospective study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Kuwait: Epidemiology and ribotypes","volume":"35","author":"Jamal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1604.091152","article-title":"Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains in hospitalized patients, Canada","volume":"16","author":"Mulvey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05207-0","article-title":"Prevalent PCR ribotypes of clinical and environmental strains of Clostridium difficile isolated from intensive-therapy unit patients in Kuwait","volume":"52","author":"Rotimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib24","first-page":"302","article-title":"Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin in diarrhoeal stool samples of patients from a general hospital in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"Shajan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Health Sci"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib25","series-title":"Laboratory Procedures for Diagnosis and Typing of Human Clostridium Difficile Infection","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib26","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters. Available from: http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints. [Last accessed on 2020 Jan 27]."},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.009","article-title":"Toxin profiles, PCR ribotypes and resistance patterns of Clostridium difficile: A multicentre study in China, 2012-2013","volume":"48","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib28","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI Supplement M100","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib29","first-page":"308","article-title":"A multicenter-based study on epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in southwestern Iran","volume":"26","author":"Ebrahim-Saraie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019993","article-title":"Clinical Clostridium difficile: Clonality and pathogenicity locus diversity","volume":"6","author":"Dingle","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_80_17","article-title":"Detection of clostridium difficile antigen and toxin in stool specimens: Comparison of the C. difficile quik chek complete enzyme immunoassay and GeneXpert C. difficile polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"23","author":"Senok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib32","first-page":"73","article-title":"Infectious nosocomial diarrhea in the surgical wards: Role of parasites and microbes imply stool analysis","volume":"4","author":"Sandokji","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib33","first-page":"16","article-title":"Prevalence and genotypes of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infections in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A multi-center prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Hudhaiah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Diag Res"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib34","first-page":"31","article-title":"Clostridium difficile occurrence, toxin profile and antibiotic susceptibility: An Egyptian center experience","volume":"26","author":"El-Sokkary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egyt J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections among hospitalized patients in Amman, Jordan: A multi-center study","volume":"5","author":"Wadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Arab J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.26719\/2009.15.5.1111","article-title":"Prevalence and etiology of nosocomial diarrhoea in children &amp; lt; 5 years in Tikrit teaching hospital","volume":"15","author":"Alrifai","year":"2009","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2016.10.004","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Thailand","volume":"15","author":"Putsathit","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2017.04.006","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Indonesia","volume":"18","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00845","article-title":"Molecular characterization of clostridium difficile Isolates in China From 2010 to 2015","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib40","first-page":"59","article-title":"Prevalence of binary-toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB) among clinical strains of Clostridium difficile isolated from diarrheal patients in Iran","volume":"11","author":"Azimirad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib41","first-page":"491","article-title":"Investigation of toxin gene diversity, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile isolated from 12 hospitals in South Korea","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Lab Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3841-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adults and the first isolation of C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 in central China","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.03.008","article-title":"High prevalence and diversity of tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive, and non-toxigenic, Clostridium difficile in Thailand","volume":"57","author":"Imwattana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.03.015","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic study of Clostridium difficile infections in university hospitals: Results of a nationwide study in Japan","volume":"24","author":"Tokimatsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161411","article-title":"Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance among Hospital- and Community-Acquired Toxigenic Clostridium difficile Isolates over 5-Year Period in Kuwait","volume":"11","author":"Jamal","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.027","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium difficile in a national geriatric hospital in Costa Rica","volume":"99","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S152724","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in two tertiary care hospitals in Shandong Province, China","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051639","article-title":"A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality","volume":"353","author":"Loo","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2013.198","article-title":"Emergence of a highly resistant Clostridium difficile strain (NAP\/BI\/027) in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia","volume":"33","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.012","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridium difficile","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2018.09.006","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular typing of toxigenic clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile causing infections in the south of Spain","volume":"54","author":"Arca-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11764","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance","volume":"316","author":"Marston","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.09.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of Greek Clostridium difficile clinical isolates","volume":"16","author":"Chatedaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1808-11","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains isolated in Iran","volume":"49","author":"Mohammadbeigi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6437","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00845-15","article-title":"U.S.-based national sentinel surveillance study for the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrheal isolates and their susceptibility to fidaxomicin","volume":"59","author":"Snydman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174716","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174716","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from two Korean hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Nicholas","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02584","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and toxin production of Clostridium difficile isolates from the hospitalized patients in a large hospital in Florida","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib58","first-page":"813","article-title":"Toxin profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns among toxigenic clinical isolates of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile","volume":"22","author":"Heidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000646","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitals during a 4-year period in China","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.07.010","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from the Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital in China","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085720314857?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0255085720314857?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:18:17Z","timestamp":1759346297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0255085720314857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0255085720314857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmm.ijmm_20_300","relation":{},"ISSN":["0255-0857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0255-0857","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, Toxin Gene Profile, Genotypes and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_20_300","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2020 Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}