{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:59:21Z","timestamp":1777532361708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Neurodegeneration affects blood pressure variations, while renal function and cerebral perfusion are impaired by vascular risk factors. This study was aimed to estimate variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia by pharmacogenetic analyses of the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and statins.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Consecutive patients were prospectively followed to study variations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure for one year, estimated by correlating the effects of ACE inhibitors with the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ACE Alu<\/jats:italic> I\/D polymorphism and genotypes or haplotypes of rs1800764 or rs4291, and the effects of statins with <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">LDLR<\/jats:italic> (low-density lipoprotein receptor) genotypes or haplotypes of rs11669576 (exon 8) or rs5930 (exon 10), or genotypes of rs2695121 (liver X receptor \u03b2 gene). Variations of the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk according to these cardiovascular measures were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All polymorphisms of the 193 patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic determinants of cardiovascular effects affected the individual variability of the response to ACE inhibitors and statins. ACE inhibitors, but not statins, reduced blood pressure for all patients. ACE inhibitors protected carriers of alleles that supposedly decrease serum ACE levels (rs1800764-T, rs4291-A, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Alu<\/jats:italic> II) regarding creatinine clearance variations (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005), but carriers of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Alu<\/jats:italic> DD (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.02), rs1800764-C (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), or rs4291-AT (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.04) showed better blood pressure lowering effects. The presence of rs2695121-T (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.007) or rs5930-A (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.039) was associated with systolic blood pressure lowering, whereas rs5930-AA was protective against decrease in creatinine clearance (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.019). Statins lowered creatinine clearance for carriers of rs2695121-CT (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.026).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Pharmacological response of blood pressure and creatinine clearance to ACE inhibitors and statins may be genetically mediated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1209_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:13:21Z","timestamp":1573218801000},"page":"261-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pharmacogenetic analyses of variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Fabricio Ferreira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Mar\u00edlia","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido Veiga","family":"de Almeida Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Soares","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Suchi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilia Cardoso","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Henrique","family":"Ferreira Bertolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs109","article-title":"Kidney function in the very elderly with hypertension: Data from the hypertension in the very elderly (HYVET) trial","volume":"42","author":"Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"R2-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4094","article-title":"Risk factors for age at onset of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in a sample of patients with low mean schooling from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"29","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9233-5","article-title":"Brain lesions, hypertension and cognitive ageing in the 1921 and 1936 Aberdeen birth cohorts","volume":"34","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age (Dordr"},{"key":"R4-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.051","article-title":"Risk factors for cognitive and functional change in one year in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"359","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"R5-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v47i2.2188","article-title":"Pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors over age-related urea and creatinine variations in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer disease","volume":"47","author":"Ferreira de Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colomb Med (Cali"},{"key":"R6-9-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-011-9360-z","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and incidence of mild cognitive impairment. 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