{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:14:05Z","timestamp":1756995245342,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> is one of the most virulent pathogens causing bacillary dysentery and is responsible for high mortality in infants. To reduce the load of antibiotic therapy for treating shigellosis, this study was carried out to assess the ex vivo<\/jats:italic> effect of novel probiotic lactobacilli, isolated from infant's stool samples, on killing S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> type 1 residing in the rat macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Stool samples from infants were collected, processed for the isolation of lactobacilli and screened for the probiotic attributes (acid tolerance, bile tolerance, ability to adhere intestinal cells and anti-S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> activity). The effect of cell-free supernatant of lactobacilli on Shigella<\/jats:italic>- infected macrophages in terms of phagocytic ability, extent of lipid peroxidation, nitrite, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Based on the probiotic attributes, three lactobacilli were isolated from the stool samples of infants. Using classical and molecular tools, these isolates were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus<\/jats:italic>, L. Paraplantarum<\/jats:italic> and L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>. All the three lactobacilli had the ability to kill intramacrophage S. dysentriae type 1. The anti-Shigella<\/jats:italic> activity of the probiotic lactobacilli was attributed to increased antioxidative ability and decreased free radical production by the infected macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Probiotic cocktail of L. pentosus<\/jats:italic>, L. paraplantarum<\/jats:italic> and L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> showed ex vivo<\/jats:italic> killing of S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> residing inside the rat macrophages significantly. This cocktail has the potential to be used as a natural alternative for treating S. dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> infection, especially in infants, however, further studies need to be done to confirm these finding in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1212_14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T19:19:14Z","timestamp":1734635954000},"page":"679-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Remediation of intramacrophageal Shigella dysenteriae type 1 by probiotic lactobacilli isolated from human infants' stool 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