{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:06:18Z","timestamp":1779314778475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the differential expression of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) in HCC and cases of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis (controls) without HCC and to compare ApoAI and ApoAIV expression with alpha-foetoprotein (AFP), the conventional marker in HCC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Fifty patients with HCC and 50 controls comprising patients with liver cirrhosis (n=25) and chronic hepatitis (n=25) without HCC were included in this study. Total proteins were precipitated using acetone precipitation method followed by albumin and IgG depletion of precipitated protein using depletion kit. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The expression changes of ApoAI and ApoAIV were confirmed by western blotting using specific primary and secondary polyclonal antibodies followed by densitometric protein semi-quantitative estimation. ApoAI, ApoAIV and AFP were measured in the plasma samples by ELISA method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Semi-quantitative densitometric image analysis of the western blot images and the comparison between HCC patients with those without HCC (control) revealed differential expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV. Levels of ApoAI were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.279\u00b10.216 vs 0.171\u00b10.091 and 0.199\u00b10.014; P<\/jats:italic> <0.001). Levels of ApoAIV were significantly lower in patients of HCC compared to controls without HCC (0.119\u00b10.061 vs 0.208\u00b10.07 and 0.171\u00b10.16; P<\/jats:italic> <0.01). ELISA assays of apolipoproteins (ApoAI and ApoAIV) revealed similar results of expression of ApoAI and ApoAIV as detected in western blotting densitometric image analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Increased expression of ApoAI and decreased expression of ApoAIV in HCC patients compared to controls without HCC revealed the abnormalities in HCC. These molecules need to be studied further for their use as potential biomarkers in the future diagnostic tools along with other conventional biomarkers for screening of HCC cases. It needs further analysis in higher number of patient population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1358_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T09:41:06Z","timestamp":1531215666000},"page":"361-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Expression analysis of apolipoproteins AI & AIV in hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Dipu","family":"Bharali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basu Dev","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mausumi","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Akhtar","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Premashis","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.05.013","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in India","volume":"4","author":"Acharya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"R2-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.013","article-title":"The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide","volume":"45","author":"Perz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R3-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20107","article-title":"Global cancer statistics","volume":"61","author":"Jemal","year":"2011","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"R4-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1001683","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"365","author":"El-Serag","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00130-1","article-title":"Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"35","author":"Bruix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"R6-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2353","article-title":"Impact of lipoproteins on the biological activity and disposition of hydrophobic drugs: Implications for drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Wasan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"R7-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v2.i3.127","article-title":"Proteomic analysis for developing new biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"2","author":"Pleguezuelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"R8-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01405.x","article-title":"Clinical utility of AFP-L3% measurement in North American patients with HCV-related cirrhosis","volume":"102","author":"Sterling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R9-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20933","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Bruix","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R10-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.005","article-title":"The utility of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Evaluation in a United States referral population","volume":"5","author":"Leerapun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R11-7-20241212","first-page":"73","article-title":"Apolipoproteins and their role in different clinical conditions: An overview","volume":"42","author":"Irshad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"R13-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24199","article-title":"Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update","volume":"53","author":"Bruix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R14-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: Update 2009","volume":"50","author":"Lok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R15-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26359","article-title":"Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012","volume":"57","author":"Runyon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"R16-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2016.02.015","article-title":"Plasma proteome profiling to assess human health and disease","volume":"2","author":"Geyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"R17-7-20241212","first-page":"ii","article-title":"Linearization of the Bradford protein assay","volume":"38","author":"Ernst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"R18-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01637.x","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"R19-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-015-0580-5","article-title":"Simple biochemical parameters and a novel score correlate with absence of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R20-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500070","article-title":"Oxidation of specific methionine and tryptophan residues of apolipoprotein A-I in hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Irigoyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R21-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPBLFBNAP6N2UN","article-title":"Increased concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II fragments in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by magnetic beads-assisted MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R22-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068381","article-title":"Protein profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma by label-free quantitative proteomics in two West African populations","volume":"8","author":"Fye","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R23-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06796.x","article-title":"Identification of two portal vein tumor thrombosis associated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: Protein disulfide-isomerase A6 and apolipoprotein A-I","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"R24-7-20241212","first-page":"498","article-title":"Screening low molecular weight protein biomarkers relevant to portal vein tumor thrombi in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Qiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"R25-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200500257","article-title":"Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by laser capture microdissection","volume":"6","author":"Ai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R26-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300399","article-title":"A strategy for the comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Steel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R27-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22266","article-title":"A biphasic response pattern of lipid metabolomics in the stage progression of hepatitis B virus X tumorigenesis","volume":"55","author":"Teng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"R28-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a030c4","article-title":"The association between metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma: Systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Jinjuvadia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R29-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200401287","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of sera from hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiofrequency ablation treatment","volume":"5","author":"Kawakami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"R30-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1267","article-title":"Serum protein isoform profiles indicate the progression of hepatitis C virus-induced liver diseases","volume":"31","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"R31-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-1-200307010-00012","article-title":"Test characteristics of alpha-fetoprotein for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C. A systematic review and critical analysis","volume":"139","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R32-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0586","article-title":"Serum proteomics and biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Zinkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"R33-7-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.89775","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) as a potential marker of residual liver function in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"32","author":"Uccello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201847040-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:00:11Z","timestamp":1751497211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/expression-analysis-of-apolipoproteins-ai-aiv-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-a-protein-based-hepatocellular-carcinoma-associated-study\/"}},"subtitle":["A protein-based hepatocellular carcinoma-associated study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1358_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}}}