{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1768693215991,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the United States (US), Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is usually seen in the patients affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The racial differences in the incidence rates and survival of patients with KS have been reported in the US. We undertook this study to analyse the disparities in the race-specific incidence rate and survival of KS patients of two different races in the US based on SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Data on KS patients of African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) races who were diagnosed during 1973-2013 were extracted from SEER database to estimate the incidence rates and survival of KS patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 18,388 NHWs and 3,455 AAs were diagnosed with KS. The age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) of KS in patients aged 20-44 yr was 3.8 times higher in AAs than in NHWs. The decline in AAIR of KS among NHWs started during 1989-1994 and preceded decline in the AAIR of AAs. After introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence continued to decline, but the decrease in the AAIR in AAs [annual percentage change (APC): \u22126.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): \u22128.8 to \u22123.5] was slower than that in NHWs (APC: \u221210.9; 95% CI: \u221212.6 to \u22129.1). The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality in KS patients of the AA race increased from 1.1 (95% CI: 1-1.2) in 1981-1995 to 1.55 (95% CI: 1.4-1.7) in 1996-2013 as compared to those of the NHW race.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several significant racial disparities that emerged after HAART introduction in the incidence and survival of KS patients continued to persist, despite improvement in care of patients with HIV. Further studies need to be done to find out the underlying factors leading to these disparities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1436_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T08:11:27Z","timestamp":1561363887000},"page":"354-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Racial disparities in incidence &amp; survival of Kaposi's sarcoma in the United States"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Vivek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parita","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arsalan Talib","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhinav Binod","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.16.1204","article-title":"Trends in Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence in the United States from 1973 through 1998","volume":"94","author":"Eltom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R2-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2012.0031","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and trends of soft tissue sarcoma among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 1995-2008","volume":"2","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol"},{"key":"R3-10-20241212","first-page":"85","article-title":"Progress along the continuum of HIV care among blacks with diagnosed HIV- United States, 2010","volume":"63","author":"Whiteside","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R7-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0307","article-title":"Trends in Kaposi's sarcoma survival disparities in the United States: 1980 through 2004","volume":"19","author":"Datta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"R11-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for join point regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"R15-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.01.012","article-title":"The role of cultural distance between patient and provider in explaining racial\/ethnic disparities in HIV care","volume":"85","author":"Saha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"R16-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181845589","article-title":"Discrimination, distrust, and racial\/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy adherence among a national sample of HIV-infected patients","volume":"49","author":"Thrasher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R17-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31802f83a6","article-title":"Race and mental health diagnosis are risk factors for highly active antiretroviral therapy failure in a military cohort despite equal access to care","volume":"44","author":"Hartzell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R18-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825db0bd","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic disparities in ART adherence in the United States: Findings from the MACH14 study","volume":"60","author":"Simoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"R19-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-009-9604-4","article-title":"Numeracy skills explain racial differences in HIV medication management","volume":"14","author":"Waldrop-Valverde","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"R21-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.396","article-title":"Proportions of Kaposi sarcoma, selected non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and cervical cancer in the United States occurring in persons with AIDS, 1980-2007","volume":"305","author":"Shiels","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R22-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146512455804","article-title":"Miles to go before we sleep: Racial inequities in health","volume":"53","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"R23-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000682","article-title":"Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in HIV-1-infected US persons in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"29","author":"Labo","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R24-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29687","article-title":"HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Rohner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"R25-10-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951201)76:11<2343::AID-CNCR2820761124>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Completeness of hospital cancer case reporting from the SEER program of the national cancer institute","volume":"76","author":"Zippin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201949030-00010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:01:22Z","timestamp":1751497282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/racial-disparities-in-incidence-survival-of-kaposis-sarcoma-in-the-united-states\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1436_17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}}}