{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:19:58Z","timestamp":1761581998400,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1563_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T12:41:50Z","timestamp":1598272910000},"page":"16-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Will bacille Calmette-Guerin immunization arrest the COVID-19 pandemic?"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Nasreen Zafar","family":"Ehtesham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faraz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Arish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farha","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ehtesham","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104384","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective","volume":"84","author":"Sironi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"R2-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104330","article-title":"Emerging genetic diversity among clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Lessons for today","volume":"84","author":"Sheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"R3-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1","article-title":"An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2005630","article-title":"Developing COVID-19 vaccines at pandemic speed","volume":"382","author":"Lurie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R5-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00073-5","article-title":"The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape","volume":"19","author":"Thanh Le","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"R6-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02869","article-title":"Non-specific effects of vaccines illustrated through the BCG example: From observations to demonstrations","volume":"9","author":"Uthayakumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R7-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01134","article-title":"What have we learnt about BCG vaccination in the last 20 years?","volume":"8","author":"Dockrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R8-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R9-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30702-9","article-title":"Revisiting BCG to control tuberculosis: Mucosal delivery and delipidation?","volume":"20","author":"Sheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R10-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1817-8","article-title":"Prevention of tuberculosis in macaques after intravenous BCG immunization","volume":"577","author":"Darrah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R11-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trivac.2013.11.004","article-title":"Neonatal BCG vaccination is associated with enhanced T-helper 1 immune responses to heterologous infant vaccines","volume":"3","author":"Libraty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials Vaccinol"},{"key":"R12-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64273-5","article-title":"Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin reduces the risk of progression in patients with superficial bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of the published results of randomized clinical trials","volume":"168","author":"Sylvester","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R14-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0285-6","article-title":"Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Netea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R15-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.101","article-title":"Beyond receptors and signaling: Epigenetic factors in the regulation of innate immunity","volume":"93","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R16-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.2.171","article-title":"Nonspecific protection of mice against influenza virus infection by local or systemic immunization with Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin","volume":"136","author":"Spencer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.12.010","article-title":"BCG vaccination protects against experimental viral infection in humans through the induction of cytokines associated with trained immunity","volume":"23","author":"Arts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"R18-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714021","article-title":"Prevention of M. tuberculosis infection with H4:IC31 vaccine or BCG revaccination","volume":"379","author":"Nemes","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R19-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008404","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008404","article-title":"New live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine MTBVAC induces trained immunity and confers protection against experimental lethal pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Taranc\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"R20-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000355628","article-title":"Long-lasting effects of BCG vaccination on both heterologous Th1\/Th17 responses and innate trained immunity","volume":"6","author":"Kleinnijenhuis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"R21-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14345","article-title":"Is global BCG vaccination-induced trained immunity relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?","volume":"75","author":"Gursel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R22-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001012","article-title":"The BCG world atlas: A database of global BCG vaccination policies and practices","volume":"8","author":"Zwerling","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R23-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00316","article-title":"Vaccination against tuberculosis: Revamping BCG by molecular genetics guided by immunology","volume":"11","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R24-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz116","article-title":"Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin overexpressing an endogenous stimulator of interferon genes agonist provides enhanced protection against pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"221","author":"Dey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R25-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/08830189909043027","article-title":"An immunotherapeutic vaccine for multibacillary leprosy","volume":"18","author":"Talwar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R26-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03514-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Mycobacterium indicus pranii as an adjunct therapy in Category II pulmonary tuberculosis in a randomized trial","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R27-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4679-0","article-title":"Mycobacterium indicus pranii therapy induces tumor regression in MyD88- and TLR2-dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R28-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304457","article-title":"Fifteen-minute consultation: Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin abscess and lymphadenitis","volume":"99","author":"Riordan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"key":"R29-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.14740\/ijcp279w","article-title":"Local cutaneous complications after Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine: Experience of a single center","volume":"6","author":"Tural-Kara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"R30-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.039","article-title":"Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance","volume":"63","author":"Oddens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R31-5-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006263","article-title":"Polyphasic taxonomic analysis establishes Mycobacterium indicus pranii as a distinct species","volume":"4","author":"Saini","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1563_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T23:05:52Z","timestamp":1751497552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/will-bacille-calmette-guerin-immunization-arrest-the-covid-19-pandemic\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_1563_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0971-5916"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}