{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:17:06Z","timestamp":1788668226166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) has abated therapeutic options worldwide. This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular profile and resistance patterns of ESBLs among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> at four tertiary care centres in India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Clinical isolates of E. coli<\/jats:italic> and K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were collected from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi; the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER), Puducherry; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh and Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore, over one and a half year period. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBLs were confirmed phenotypically, and multiplex PCR was performed to identify genes for \u03b2-lactamases (bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-1<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-2<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-9<\/jats:sub> and bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-15<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Among 341 E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates collected during the study period, 171 (50%) harboured bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>, 145 (43%) bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub>, 70 (21%) bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-1<\/jats:sub>, 19 (6%) bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub> and four (1%) harboured bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-2<\/jats:sub>. Phenotypically, combined disc test detected ESBL production in 98\/298 (33%) E. coli<\/jats:italic>. Among 304 K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates, 115 (38%), 89 (29%), 83 (27%), 64 (21%) and two (0.6%) harboured bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-1<\/jats:sub>, bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub> and bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-2<\/jats:sub>, respectively. Combined disc test (CDT) detected ESBL production in 42 per cent K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Most of the bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-1<\/jats:sub> positive isolates were also bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-15<\/jats:sub> positive. The carbapenem susceptibility ranged from 56 to 88 per cent for E. coli<\/jats:italic> and from 20 to 61 per cent for K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns showed that colistin (CST) was the most sensitive drug for both E. coli<\/jats:italic> (271\/274, 99%) and K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (229\/234, 98%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of ESBL among four study centres varied, and bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM,<\/jats:sub>\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub> and bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTXM-15<\/jats:sub> were the most common genotypes in E. coli<\/jats:italic> and K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> isolates in India. The growing carbapenem resistance and emerging colistin resistance warrant the judicious use of these antimicrobials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_172_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T07:30:52Z","timestamp":1559547052000},"page":"208-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Kapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bimal Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujatha","family":"Sistla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash Chandra","family":"Parija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balaji","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Antony Jude","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamini","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.C.","family":"Ohri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallab","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-14-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: Characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat","volume":"14","author":"Bradford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R2-14-20241212","first-page":"907","article-title":"A ten year analysis of multi-drug resistant blood stream infections caused by Escherichia coli & Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"135","author":"Datta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R3-14-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00971-12","article-title":"SMART Program. 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